Everything you need to know about multi-link car suspension. Independent multi-link suspension Vehicle models with multi-link rear suspension

The rear suspension on the Renault Duster depends on the vehicle's transmission design. Versions with front drive wheels are equipped with a torsion beam at the rear, and 4x4 modifications have a lever design (with the simultaneous transfer of the spare tire to the luggage compartment). Models with all-wheel drive are distinguished by original hubs and additional shafts that transmit torque from the gearbox.

Suspension is a set of elements that provide connection between the body and wheels of a car.

The history of torsion bar suspension

Torsion bar suspension was first used on the rear axle in the first half of the 20th century. The pioneers were Citroen, and later it could be found on all Porsche cars. Next, the device was evaluated by Renault, Chrysler, our domestic ZIL and others.

Such widespread use is due, for the most part, to the lack of analogues that could provide similar smoothness (the main problem of those years), simplicity, reliability and, what was important in the post-war years, low cost, the main factor to this day.

True, in 1989 the torsion bar suspension finally became obsolete and since that year all self-respecting companies switched to MacPherson systems and multi-links (not counting frankly budget cars).

The principle of operation of a torsion bar in a car

As the name implies, the system is based on the principle of a torsion bar - a metal rod twists around its axis, absorbing unevenness on the road.

When the load increases, the lever receives a load that is taken up by the rod. It begins to twist, taking the wheel lever with it. When the unevenness passes, the torsion shaft unbends.

Rear suspension of VAZ 2109

A fairly large number of VAZ-2109 owners prefer to repair their car themselves, since the design of the “nine” is distinguished by its simplicity. But before you start working, you must first find the cause of the problem, and, of course, know the sequence of actions.

VAZ-2109 - what the rear suspension consists of

All of the above fully applies to the chassis. Neither the front nor the rear suspensions are complex in design. Accordingly, repairs and troubleshooting should not cause any problems. In this article we will look at the design features of the rear suspension of the VAZ-2109. First, let's list its elements:

• hub;
• spring and its cups - lower and upper;
• lever mounting bracket;
• shock absorbers and their cushions;
• silent blocks;
• compression progress buffer;
• lever connector;
• rubber gasket;
• beam arm and connector;
• stock;
• spacer;
• support washer.

Generally speaking, the rear suspension of the “nine” is independent, torsion bar. Due to the not very high quality of domestic roads, especially in the outback, it is the chassis that bears the most serious load. Every hole or pothole that a wheel hits is a very noticeable blow to the suspension. You can understand that there are some problems here by hearing. In this case, you will hear an extraneous knock. It can be either deaf or voiced. Experienced professionals use it to make a “diagnosis”, and with very high accuracy. Accordingly, as soon as you hear that something is knocking in the suspension, you should immediately start looking for the problem.

By the way, many car owners strive to improve this component of the car. As a rule, the most common tuning is spacers, which increase the already fairly decent ground clearance. Stock springs and shock absorbers are also often replaced. There are some nuances here. If you change springs, make sure that they have the same stiffness front and rear. However, in this case there is still one exception. The springs at the front may be softer than at the rear, but not vice versa.

When doing such work, you should remember that we are talking about your safety. Accordingly, all installed parts must be of high quality. Products from well-known brands cannot be cheap - otherwise they are fakes, the installation of which can easily result in loss of control of the car while driving.

Another point - when tuning the rear suspension, you don’t need to make it too hard or too soft. In both the first and second cases, this will only bring discomfort to driving. Also, don't lift up the rear too much. It is quite possible that someone really likes this appearance. However, such a design change significantly worsens handling.

Types of pendants

Over the years of use, the system has been modified for installation on different vehicle axles. Also, in some cases, the design required longitudinal or, conversely, transverse installation of the elastic element relative to the frame.

From such a variety, three types of configuration can be distinguished, which were and still remain popular.

Front wishbone

The only version of this system found on the front axle. On the one hand, the elastic element is attached to the transverse arms (upper or lower, depending on the model), and on the other, to the frame or body of the car.

The torsion bar is located longitudinally. The levers transfer the load to the twisting element, which in turn additionally acts as a stabilizer.

This system could often be found on frame SUVs and commercial vehicles. This configuration freed up a lot of space in the front, for example, for installing all-wheel drive.

Rear with transverse torsion bars

The transverse torsion bar system is not used today due to poor control characteristics and the need to install the rear wheels at different distances relative to the front axle (the difference was up to 5 cm).

On the other hand, this option made it possible to significantly increase the trunk volume, which was a priority for older European cars. The essence of the mechanism is similar to the first. One side of the torsion bar was attached to the lever, the other to the frame.

Rear semi-independent

But this type of suspension has survived to this day and is successfully used by manufacturers when designing budget models with front-wheel drive.

Related article: What is the difference between a crossover, SUV and SUV

In this case, the wheels are securely connected to each other using a twisting beam, which not only works to dampen road irregularities, but also acts as a stabilizer.

The shock absorbers here are the same transversely located torsion bars, which are connected to the levers and attached to the bushing in the center. This eliminates the need to install wheels at different distances and maintains the necessary rigidity.

The suspension is considered semi-independent, since the wheels of the rear axle cannot fully move separately from each other. The movement of one affects the other, although not to a significant extent.

Diagram and designations

The rear suspension components are slightly smaller compared to the front. Because of this, the design can be called simpler. But this does not in any way reduce the degree of responsibility of you, as the driver, for the good condition of the unit.

Rear suspension diagram

Having familiarized yourself with the node diagram, you can move on to the elements that are indicated on it.

Device Features

Having understood the diagram, you should separately talk about what the design of the rear suspension of the domestically produced VAZ 2109 is. Knowing all the features and nuances of the suspension elements used, you will know how to carry out further repairs, preventive maintenance, and what parts to buy for replacement old.

1. The VAZ 2109 uses a torsion-link rear suspension design. The guiding device here is a pair of longitudinal arms, which are connected to each other using an elastic connector. Since the connector is shifted forward relative to the wheel axis, the kinematic properties of the rear suspension of the nine correspond to the features of an independent suspension on trailing arms.
2. The independent movement of each wheel is ensured by twisting the amplifier with a U-shaped cross-section. This section is characterized by low torsional rigidity and high bending rigidity. This makes the structure quite reliable and durable.
3. The trailing arms are made of pipes. They are welded to the connector through the rear suspension arm reinforcements, which makes it possible to create a single beam. It is hingedly suspended through a bracket on the car body.
4. Each of the rear suspension arms in front is equipped with a bushing into which rubber-metal joints are pressed. They consist of a pair of bushings - rubber and metal.
5. Through the spacer sleeve there is a bolt that connects the suspension arm and the stamped bracket, which is mounted to the body bracket using bolts, nuts and washers. A self-locking nut is screwed onto the mounting bolt.
6. Brackets with lugs are welded to the back of the levers, which are used for mounting shock absorbers, and flanges are necessary for attaching the rear wheel hub and brake shield using bolts.
7. The elastic components of the rear suspension include springs and a compression stroke buffer.
8. The spring is made of spring steel with a round cross-section. It is installed on the shock absorber and rested with its lower part on the cup. The upper part rests on a support, which is welded to the inner arch of the car body. The lower spring support cup is welded to the shock absorber. A rubber insulation gasket is installed between the upper support and the spring.
9. Rear suspension springs are divided into two classes, depending on the control load along the length - A and B. Class A is marked in yellow, applied to the outer side of the middle coils. Class B has a green designation.
10. The compression stroke buffer is made of polyurethane. It is mounted on the shock absorber rod inside the spring. From above, the buffer rests against the cover of the protection casing, but when it is put into operation, it rests on a support.
11. The buffer support is pressed onto the top of the shock absorber reservoir.
12. The buffer has annular grooves on the outer surface that determine the location of deformation.
13. The protection casing provides protection from mechanical damage and contamination of the rod and compression stroke buffer. The casing is made of corrugated rubber, which allows you to change the length when the suspension is operating. There is a ring groove at the top inside the casing. They serve to enter the spent part of the steel cover. At the bottom, the casing is quite elastic, which allows it to be pressed against the spring support cup.
14. The rear wheel axle is mounted to the lever flange using 4 mounting bolts. The same bolts are used to secure the brake shield.
15. The hub rotates on an axis on a double-row ball bearing. The hub is mounted to the axle using a nut and thrust washer. The nut is installed on the axle by crimping its collar into the groove of the axle.
16. The bearing is mounted in the hub using a retaining ring. The bearing is closed and contains almost permanent lubrication.
17. The inside of the hub is sealed with a pair of dirt-reflecting rings. One of the rings is welded to the hub, and the second to the axle flange. A labyrinthine seal is formed between them.
18. The outer cavity of the hub is closed by a cap. There is an O-ring between the cap and the hub.
19. During operation of the VAZ 2109, the hub bearing is not adjustable and is not lubricated. The wheel disc is mounted to the hub using 4 mounting bolts.
20. The shock absorbers on the rear suspension of the nine are hydraulic telescopic double-acting.
21. The lower eye shock absorber is installed on the lower arm bracket using a bolt and a self-locking nut.
22. The upper fastener of the shock absorber is pin-type - the rod is mounted to the upper spring support through a pair of rubber pads and a support washer. There is a spacer between the protection casing cover and the washer.

The design of the rear suspension cannot be called simple, since there are many elements that interact with each other. If this effective interaction is lost, the car begins to behave unstable and requires repair or replacement of certain components.

It is not difficult to understand the diagram and structure of the rear suspension of the VAZ 2109 car. This will allow you to significantly save on repairs, avoiding visits to service stations, and also develop your own skills in independently repairing your own car.

Advantages and disadvantages

As is already clear, the main advantage of the torsion bar system in its modern form is low cost of production, but there are others:

• A small number of parts, respectively, increased reliability;
• Excellent shock absorption;
• Easy to maintain due to a small number of parts;
• Reduced load on bearings;
• Compactness;
• You can independently adjust the vehicle's ground clearance.

But the automotive industry cannot come to terms with its shortcomings.

1. Firstly, the production of elastic elements itself is a rather complex and labor-intensive process.
2. Secondly, they start to creak.
3. Thirdly, the torsion bar system does not provide the controllability that modern systems can offer.

Rear suspension 2108/2109

I decided to work on the rear suspension, because... I’ve never done it, but I want to learn, so I have some questions...

1. Does it make sense to install polyurethane

silent blocks in the beam, in the shock absorber, “donuts”? Because the rear suspension is rebuilt once every hundred years, maybe it’s worth installing polyurethane) 2. Have you heard that the original “donuts” are not a fountain, they are much more effective than the SS-20 or Acomi? 3. Does the bump stop really give something, if not underestimated? Who installed/would install which ones?) 4. Is it worth installing sound insulators? I doubt their effectiveness)

Shocks are ok! Stock. Well, so that everything works out on a budget)

Well, tell us different secrets, who did it, what did they install?..

Which is better: torsion beam or multi-link suspension?

The multi-link system is definitely a big leap forward in terms of technology. Unlike a torsion bar, a multi-link allows each wheel to move independently of each other without causing body roll or squeaking.

Which has a positive effect on road grip, handling and a level of passenger comfort that even the MacPherson system cannot compare with.

But the complexity of the design significantly influenced its final cost in production and maintainability (any element is replaceable, but the process is extremely labor-intensive due to the pressing of silent blocks, etc.).

Basic suspension faults

Common rear suspension failures on Duster:

• rocking of the car due to a violation of the tightness of the shock absorbers (with further use, the coils of the springs burst);
• the appearance of knocking noises when driving over uneven surfaces (indicates excessive wear of the rubber hinges);
• hum from the hub (occurs when the ball bearing is destroyed or worn);
• uneven wear of tires and the car pulling to the side (indicate a violation of the wheel alignment angles and damage to chassis parts).

Car rocking and knocking noises are common breakdowns.

Price of multi-link suspension parts

It’s not worth talking about the specific cost of a multi-link part for all cars, since each manufacturer modernizes it to suit its needs and sets its own price accordingly. To understand how much an average repair will cost, let’s consider the price of parts using the example of the Audi A5 2016

At first glance, it would seem that the prices are not as high as for spare parts, but if you consider that silent blocks fail quickly and, as a rule, need to be replaced in sets (for the left and right parts).
In addition, it is necessary to take into account that the Audi A5 model has a multi-link on the front and rear axle, that is, on 4 wheels. Accordingly, the cost of repairs will be 4 times more. Having examined the car's independent multi-link suspension, we can say that it is comfortable, has excellent handling characteristics and keeps the car on the road. But there are also disadvantages: very expensive maintenance, expensive spare parts and, of course, bulky dimensions that are not suitable for compact cars. In addition, maintenance and repairs need to be carried out more often than for other types of suspension.

Video review of a multi-link car suspension:

The comfort of driving a car, as well as safety while driving, largely depend on the design of its chassis. The main purpose of any suspension is to act as a connecting link between the wheels and the body.

But at the same time, it must provide a kind of buffer effect, dampen vibrations, isolate noise, and allow the wheel to rotate relative to several degrees of freedom.

The evolution of a given node does not occur linearly. It cannot be said that one type of suspension replaces another over time. Different versions have their advantages and they are developing in parallel.

Independent suspension device

The design features begin with the fact that the wheel hubs are mounted on four levers, due to which additional adjustments to the position of the hub appear. The levers, in turn, are mounted on a subframe.

The number of levers can vary from 3 to 5. In the most basic arrangement, two lower ones are used: front and rear, and one upper one. The front one, as a rule, is responsible for wheel alignment, the rear one takes on most of the vehicle's weight, transmitted by a spring, and the top one transmits lateral forces and communicates the wheel support and subframe.

Also, in the multi-link suspension, anti-roll bars are actively used, which are used to reduce vehicle roll when making sharp turns. The stabilizers are mounted on the hub supports using additional levers, and in the upper part using rubber supports. Most often, such a stabilizer is closely connected to a spring.

Suspension device

Any car suspension consists of the following main elements:

1. Elastic device
   - absorbs loads from uneven road surfaces. Types: springs, springs, pneumatic elements, etc.
2. Damping device
   - dampens body vibrations when driving over uneven surfaces. Types: all types.
3. Guide device
   -
   ensures the specified movement of the wheel relative to the body.
   Types: levers, transverse and reaction rods, springs. To change the direction of influence on the damping element, pull-rod and push-rod sports suspensions use rockers.
4. Anti-roll bar
   - reduces lateral body roll.
5. Rubber-metal hinges
   provide an elastic connection between the suspension elements and the body. Partially cushions, softens shocks and vibrations. Types: silent blocks and bushings.
6. Suspension travel limiters
   - limit suspension travel in extreme positions.

Classification of pendants

Basically, suspensions are divided into two large types: and independent. This classification is determined by the kinematic diagram of the suspension guide device.

Dependent suspension

The wheels are rigidly connected by means of a beam or continuous bridge. The vertical position of a pair of wheels relative to the common axis does not change, the front wheels are swivel. The rear suspension design is similar. It can be spring, spring or pneumatic. If springs or pneumatic bellows are installed, it is necessary to use special rods to secure the bridges from movement.

Differences between dependent and independent suspension

• simple and reliable in operation;
• high load capacity.

• poor handling;
• poor stability at high speeds;
• less comfort.

Independent suspension

The wheels can change their vertical position relative to each other while remaining in the same plane.

• good handling;
• good vehicle stability;
• great comfort.

• more expensive and complex design;
• less reliability during operation.

Semi-independent suspension
Semi-independent suspension

or
a torsion beam
is an intermediate solution between dependent and independent suspension. The wheels still remain connected, but there is the possibility of them moving slightly relative to each other. This property is ensured due to the elastic properties of the U-shaped beam connecting the wheels. This suspension is mainly used as a rear suspension for budget cars.

Chassis of VAZ 2114: description, repair

Fundamentally, the chassis designs of front-wheel drive VAZ cars of various models are similar to each other, however, there are differences. It will be useful for car enthusiasts to understand the question of what the VAZ 2114 suspension consists of, to know the causes and types of malfunctions, and to be able to eliminate them.

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Front suspension device

Suspension type: independent, telescopic. Let's take a closer look at the main components and elements that make up the front suspension of the VAZ 2114.

1. The basis is the main rotating support element - the front pillar. Assembled into a single unit with a cylindrical spring, a swivel bearing, and upper and lower support cups. The strut is attached to the steering knuckle of the hub with the lower bracket, secured to the body with three bolts at the top and rests against the glass with the upper cup. Has a steering knuckle for attaching a tie rod pin.
2. Front hub assembly with ball joint, double row bearing, brake disc and caliper. The ball joint is fixedly screwed to the lower suspension arm, the support pin is inserted into the seat at the bottom of the hub and screwed with a nut.
3. The lower suspension arm is attached to a brace, which is attached at both ends to the body side member using two brackets. On one side of the brace there is an attachment point for the anti-roll bar, in which one end is fixed. The second end of the stabilizer is fixed to the suspension extension of the second front wheel, thus connecting them together.

Front suspension diagram for VAZ 2114

The front suspension diagram is shown in Fig. 1. The front chassis works according to the following principle: a strut with a spring plays the role of a supporting and at the same time shock-absorbing element for the front wheel. The stretcher and the lower arm support the entire assembly from below and prevent it from moving along the axis of the car.

The wheel is turned by a steering rod, which pulls the eye on the stand and turns the entire assembly, while at the top it turns on a support bearing, and at the bottom on a ball joint. The anti-roll bar ties the suspension on both sides together and makes it work in sync.

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Rear element design

Suspension type: dependent, on a rigid transverse continuous beam. The structural elements of the rear suspension and the methods of their connection in the VAZ 2114 are as follows.

1. The base is a cross beam. The structure is welded, in the shape of the letter “H”, only with a long cross member. The two front ends of the beam are secured to brackets bolted to the rear side members of the vehicle. The method of connection to the brackets is hinged, on rubber-metal bushings. The rear ends of the beam have mounting flanges for wheel hubs. The hubs are bolted to the flange; a protective casing, brake cylinder and pads are mounted on them. Inside the hub there is a double row radial bearing. The brake drum is mounted on top of the pads and secured to the hub with guide pins.
2. The lower end of the strut with a cylindrical spring is attached to the rear ends of the beam on the other side of the hubs. The upper end of the shock absorber rests against a glass welded to the body through a rubber spacer.

Rear suspension diagram for VAZ 2114

The rear suspension diagram is shown in Fig. 2. The rear chassis of the VAZ 2114 car operates as follows: the transverse beam works like a swinging pendulum, the attachments to the side members do not allow it to move along the axis of the car. Racks with springs attached to the opposite end of the pendulum limit its up-and-down movement and serve as a shock-absorbing and partially supporting element for the wheels.

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Brief description of faults

In most cases, chassis repairs can be done yourself. The main malfunctions, as a rule, are associated with the failure of the shock-absorbing front and rear struts, since they are the most loaded structural element. The racks absorb dynamic loads from the car body, from the wheels when overcoming uneven road surfaces and lateral loads from the influence of steering rods, which increases at low speeds.

Two tools are required to remove and install the stands. The remaining tools are in every car enthusiast's garage:

• spring ties;
• a puller for pushing the steering rod pin out of the lever; it can also be used to press out the ball joint if necessary.

Smaller suspension malfunctions occur due to wear of the rubber seals and rubber-metal bushings (silent blocks). They are much easier to replace than a stand, although sometimes a device is also needed to press out silent blocks.

After repairing the front suspension, it is recommended to visit the nearest service station and perform an operation to correct the wheel alignment of the car. The chassis of the Lada 2114 has a fairly reliable and time-tested design, which is well adapted to our roads.

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