Building a local network between computers and enterprise servers requires specialized equipment. One such device used to organize a mesh is a hub. From this article you will learn what it is and how it differs from a switch network switch.
Translated from English hub (hub)
means center, fork, fork or node. Another name for this device is a network hub. It serves to unite enterprise computers and servers into a single local network. Moreover, the number of devices connected to the network directly depends on the number of ports/connectors of the hub.
Bugs Edit
- The journey from the Hub to Irwin's farm takes approximately 14 hours, which is confirmed by the decrease in the number of days until Vault 13's water supply runs out by a maximum of 1 day. But at the same time, the date in the pip-boy moves forward by 11 (sometimes more) days. So, having gone to the farm on January 15, the Exit will arrive there no earlier than January 26. The journey back also takes at least 11 days in a pip-boy.
- When trading with the librarian Miss Stapleton, the items that the Exit gives her appear in her inventory. Accordingly, they can be stolen and sold to her again. Magazines and covers (524 pcs.) are updated every time you start a conversation with her. Accordingly, if you wish, you can upgrade your “Science”, “Repair”, “Naturalist” and “Light Weapons” skills to 91% and stock up on caps. It is best to exchange for something small, for example, stimulants - they are easier to steal later.
Afterword
In the past, marketers used to create Excel files and send them to each other to share information.
Over time, the understanding came that it is better to store data in one place and access relevant information when it is needed. This is how the concept of a document cloud was born. Of course, Excel continues to be used to work with data here and now. But these are two different concepts - one thing when users connect to one source, and another when everyone has a copy of the data.
MarTech data has historically developed along a similar path, with each MarTech service requiring a copy of the data for calculations and reporting. If you want to build a report in GA, load the data there; if you want to build a report on DCM, upload the data to BigQuery. Ads Data Hub is a conceptual replacement for this paradigm.
What is the problem? Now, a marketer can upload data from Google Ads to BigQuery, and after that they will be retrospectively changed in the advertising service. As a result, the data in his BigQuery project will be out of date if it is not updated.
The second problem is what data should be uploaded? There is a lot of information about media advertising. In order for a marketer to build a report once a week, it is necessary to upload gigabytes of information to his project. Instead, Ads Data Hub offers to connect an SQL interface to data from Google advertising services. That is, you have a GBQ project. It contains your data that Google does not have (for example, from CRM). Now, when you need a report with data on advertising campaigns, you simply connect it to your request and get up-to-date information here and now. You no longer need to store advertising data in your project. There is also no need to update them every day when something has changed over historical periods. Absolutely all the data you collect is available for reporting.
Goals and objectives of HUBs
UAZ on tracks
A crossover equipped with a switchable drive should be used in urban mode with only one active axle. At the same time, fuel consumption is greatly reduced without loss of passing qualities: in a metropolis, all four driving wheels are, to put it mildly, redundant. However, by turning off the wheelset, the driver is not able to ensure that the associated mechanisms stop working. While driving, the wheels touch the hubs, as a result of which both the cardan and the axle shafts do not stop rotating. Consequently, fuel continues to burn in excess quantities, and working parts depreciate faster. HUBs installed on an SUV turn off the front axle hubs, as a result of which its components stop rotating, their resource is no longer wasted, and fuel is not spent on maintaining the vital functions of those not involved in movement of parts. Like any other mechanism, the HUB needs to be monitored: if one of the pair fails, you will suddenly find out while moving that you are not moving on an all-terrain vehicle, which does not care what is under its wheels, but on a helpless rear-wheel drive car .
What are HUBS for an SUV?
Mazda tribute
Freewheel hubs (HUB) on an SUV
All-wheel drive vehicles do not always require all four wheels to be active; for example, when driving around the city this is not at all relevant. But modern SUVs have special systems installed, you might say, that disable front-wheel drive. That's right, but this function often does not completely disconnect from the hubs. As a result, both the driveshaft and the axle shafts do not stop rotating. Completely unnecessary wear of parts occurs, and we also get a decrease in speed and an increase in fuel consumption. By installing wheel hubs in this case, you can expect that this will completely prevent rotation of the front axle drive, and therefore negative consequences. There are three types of freewheels:
- Manual.
- Automatic.
- Vacuum.
What are manual hubs in a car?
Hand clutch (HUB)
Manual freewheels have a shift knob that is located on the wheel itself, and you have to go outside to engage or disengage the hub. This is not entirely convenient, but this type is the most reliable and durable. The possibility of shutdown is almost completely eliminated. Its design is very simple. Handle, return spring, rotary sleeve, movable gear, axle shaft gear.
Automatic hub couplings
Automatic hub coupling (HUB)
Automatic freewheels were invented so that the driver does not have to get out of the car when changing them. To do this, levers or a button are installed in the car, which allows you to turn the wheel clutch on and off directly from inside the car. This is convenient, but this type of hub often quickly fails due to wear and tear of parts. Still, for those who often drive off-road, it is better to choose manual hubs.
Vacuum couplings
Vacuum coupling (HUB)
The principle of operation of this type of freewheel is to install a vacuum pump in them, which pumps or takes air from the wheel coupling, thereby locking and unlocking the hub. And everything would be fine in this design, but at the moment the seals depressurize, the pump begins to pump dirt and water from the road, as a result, disabling the coupling. This type of hub is installed on most of the latest SUV models. Freewheels are mainly used with roller clutches. But the rollers do not provide reliable torque transmission and decoupling at high powers, over 4 kW. Therefore, ratchet freewheel clutches, in which there are petals instead of rollers, are now widely used. They provide reliable grip. In almost any car service center you can install wheel hubs, which will not require very large expenses, which will subsequently be paid off by saving gasoline and reducing the wear of auto parts.
In this article, we tried to give a detailed answer to the question: what are hubs for an SUV needed for? Whether your car needs them is up to you to decide.
How to use Ads Data Hub
To use Ads Data Hub, you will need data from your website and CRM system in Google BigQuery, which you will combine with data on ad campaign impressions.
You also need to configure the transfer of Client IDs of users to Campaign Manager (formerly DCM) so that there is an identifier by which you can combine data about visits to the site with information about impressions. This can be done, for example, using Floodlight.
What's next?
- Get access to Ads Data Hub. To do this, you can contact any official Google partner.
- Connect your data from Campaign Manager, DV360, Google Ads or YouTube to Ads Data Hub.
- Upload online conversion data from CRM to Google BigQuery using OWOX BI.
- Build an SQL query for the connected data.
- Select a table in your BigQuery project where to save the query results and run the query.
- Visualize query results.
Tell us about Edit
Pajero mini
Main article: Tell me about...
| Question | Answer |
| Police | The police are commanded by Sheriff Green. ???She maintains law and order in the Hub. There are those who believe that they are more of a hindrance than a help. |
| Water traders | They control all the water in the Hub. They have taken control of the water towers and now people have to pay them to get water. |
| Red caravans | A crazy group of traders who take big risks to get to the top. |
| Truckers | A relatively calm group of traders who offer fair prices and do not seek dangerous adventures. |
| Children of the Cathedral | A religious cult that worships a certain Creator. They have a hospital in the southeast of the city, near the water merchants. |
| Necropolis | Scary place. They say that it is inhabited by mutants who eat the brains of ordinary people. It's somewhere east of the Hub. |
| Hot spot | They say that there seems to be a place in the southeast of here where a nuclear warhead hit. |
| Junktown | It's north of us. We trade well with them. Rumor has it that Killian and Gizmo are at each other's throats. |
| Brotherhood of Steel | This place is northwest of us. This is a group of technogenic freaks who worship technology. Very strange people. |
| Shady Sands | A primitive town, far to the north of us. Little is known about him because they have no money to trade with us. |
| LA Burying Ground | This rat-infested place is riddled with gang warfare. If it weren't for the lucrative trade with the Sanctuary and the Gunsmiths, I doubt that any merchant would have ventured there. |
| Water Towers | They store water for the Hub. Water traders control the towers. |
| Old city | Old Town is the name of the northeastern part of the city. True, there are only scumbags and scoundrels hanging around there. They say that somewhere there is a den of thieves. |
| Business center | This is where all the merchants sell their stuff. Weapon stores, armor stores, the Friendly Loan Company and the Maltese Falcon are located in the area. |
| Heights | Rich merchants live there. The leader of the water traders, Daren Hightower, owns a huge house there. |
| Deathclaws | A myth to get young children to behave. |
| Water chip | I don't know anything about this. |
What is Ads Data Hub for?
There are classic view-through conversions.
Most media tools allow you to find out how many users who saw the banner made an order. But these tools do not show all the user’s steps from viewing the banner to the purchase and do not take into account purchased orders from the CRM system. To allow advertisers to combine campaign information with their own data, advertising services provide upload tools, such as Data Transfer from Google. Previously, it could be used to upload raw log data for each click, impression, or event, including user ID, from DoubleClick Campaign Manager (DCM) to Google BigQuery. However, in 2020, GDPR rules prohibited advertisers from uploading user data because they were interacting with the publisher's site, not the advertiser's.
Therefore, Google has provided advertisers with the ability to transparently measure the effectiveness of display advertising without violating privacy requirements. Now User IDs are not downloaded from DCM and DPM, but they are available for use in Ads Data Hub.
What else is driving the advent of Ads Data Hub? For most advertisers, display advertising is an alternative to TV or outdoor advertising. That is, this is not a replacement for performance marketing, but another outreach tool. However, unlike TV, there are no established benchmarks in media advertising. Therefore, the advertiser needs a tool that will show which audience he interacted with thanks to display advertising.
And Google created such a tool. In the near future, most large advertisers who invest in display advertising will be faced with the need to master Ads Data Hub.
Layout Edit
The city is divided into five districts. You can get to two more locations by taking the corresponding quest.
| World map | ||
| Irvine Farm | → | Entrance |
| Heights | Business center | Old city |
| Water traders | Deathclaw Lair |
Login Edit
Main article: Login
Agricultural area of the Hub: farms and animal pens. And also the starting point for all caravans.
Business center Edit
Main article: Business center
Business concentration: department store, library, gun shop, casino, loan sharks... And a police station.
Main article:
Heights
Private District.
Old Town Edit
Main article: Old Town
Another weapons store, as well as a medicine dealer. And several interesting personalities.
Main article: Water traders
Water supply to the Hub and surrounding areas.
Main article: Irvine Farm
A small farm captured by raiders.
History Edit
The hub was founded in 2093 by a man named Angus, who established a camp near the oasis and began trading with passing caravans.
In 2096, Harold (while still human) became the owner of several caravans. They were later attacked by super mutants, prompting Harold to fund an expedition in 2102 to find the location of the supposed mutant base. Together with scientist Dr. Richard Gray, they discovered an abandoned military base in Mariposa, in which almost the entire expedition died. The mutated Harold was found by traders several months later. All his business partners turned their backs on him, leaving him in poverty. However, Harold managed to become the leader of a small community of ghouls in the Hub.
At the beginning of the 22nd century, Hub traders introduced a new currency - bottle caps.
In 2120, Angus proclaims himself ruler of the Hub. Five years later, he manages to repel the Vipers' attempt to plunder the city. In the winter of the same year he is killed, and the city plunges into anarchy. In 2126, the Great Trade Wars began for the water tower in the Hub - water was a very valuable and expensive commodity not only in the city, but throughout the Wasteland. The water traders won the war at the cost of heavy losses two years later. Roy Greene (Justin Greene's grandfather) proposed a solution to resolve the situation in the city. According to it, the Central Council of the Hub was formed, which includes two representatives from each trade organization.
In 2131, the Creator ordered his army of super mutants to attack caravans in order to obtain provisions. Entire caravans began to disappear. At first, all attacks were attributed to the claws of death.
In 2140, Decker formed a criminal community that quickly infiltrated all areas of the city.
In 2155, there was regular trade between the Hub and the Brotherhood of Steel, who sent their men to the Hub to get help tracking down the Vipers.
Hub in 2162 by the strengthened army of the Creator. Harold made the humans and ghouls living in the Old City of the Hub equal members of society.
In 2189, the Hub joined the NKR, becoming the capital of the state of the same name. However, there have always been trade rights and caravan routes between Shady Sands and the Hub. Residents of the Hub call their representatives in the NKR House of Congress “governors.”
In Fallout: New Vegas
The hub retained its importance as the location of the headquarters of caravan companies (at least the Red Caravan). This city is located.
From the Hub to New Vegas and its environs arrived:
- Doz, former member of "the toughest gang in the Hub";
- Sergeant McGee;
- Alice McLafferty, executive director of the company that runs the Red Caravan branch in New Vegas;
- Mayor of Nipton Stein;
- The Huge Son of a Bitch, captured in the Hub;
- Trent Bascom;
- James Rubinek, another resident of the Hub, a merchant, decided to go to New Vegas through the Rift, but could not overcome it. This can be learned from the note found by the Courier in the Rift.
The loading prompts mention that travelers from New Vegas are returning to the Hub. The travelers met at Trading Post 188 arrived through the Hub.
In Fallout 4
The Hub is mentioned as the city where Conrad Kellogg lived for some time, and where he met Sarah.
What is a switch switch or swich
Firstly, there are two types of switches
- Managed > implies a certain amount of brains and some functionality, such as Vlan or LACP.
- Not controlled, without additional chips
Switches replaced stupid hubs, correcting their shortcomings and forwarding them to all clients. The switches have a very simple principle; all addressing in them is based on a table of mac addresses of devices. Each network device or computer has a unique mac address and the switch maintains a table of mac addresses, it’s called an arp table, where it knows what port this or that mac address (network device) is on, and when it sees a packet for it, it sends it not as a hub to everyone , but only to one recipient. As a result, there is less load on the device and on the network itself. Here is an example of a Cisco switch.
The vigilant “sentinel” and his charge
I won’t bog you down: a diode , or more precisely, a thermal diode PCH , is a generalized name for the temperature sensor of the chipset (system logic) of the computer motherboard in monitoring programs. Its value reflects the heating level of this node in real time. The concept of “PCH diode” is generalized because the functions of temperature sensors can be performed by other elements, for example, thermal transistors, and PCH is not always PCH in its original meaning: this designates only one of the existing types of chipset, and not all.
PCH (Platform Controller Hub) is an element of system logic manufactured by Intel that controls the operation of the bulk of the motherboard structures. Its “diocese” includes bus controllers for USB, SMBus, PCI-Express, LPC, SATA, peripheral devices, RAID, real-time clock, etc. In short, it manages everything except graphics and memory, which on modern platforms are managed by the central CPU.
The analogue of the AMD brand PCH is called FCH (Fusion Controller Hub), and the nVidia brand is called MCP (Media and Communications Processor).
On older motherboards (released before 2008 for Intel processors and before 2011 for AMD), the system logic is divided into 2 parts - north (MCH according to Intel classification) and south (ICH) bridges. The first is responsible for memory and graphics, the second for peripherals and the rest. After the “abolition” of the northern bridges, the southern ones began to be called simply platform hubs or PCH (FCH, MCP).
On motherboards with dual-chip logic, the PCH diode indicates the temperature of the south bridge.
On laptop boards based on 4th generation Intel Core and newer, the chipset is completely absent as a separate element - now it is placed on the same substrate as the processor.
This is interesting: 15 best laptops of 2020 (in 5 categories)
Bottom line
At the moment, prices for hubs fluctuate very widely and depend on the manufacturer, type of clutch (automatic/manual), and technological characteristics. You can still find relatively inexpensive hubs costing from 8 to 10 thousand rubles. More expensive ones start at 20 thousand rubles.
Given the instability of currencies and the auto parts market, prices for freewheels will only increase, and it will not be possible to give an exact cost. Nevertheless, let the seeker find! Fortunately, there are sellers of used spare parts and the familiar Chinese market.
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