Review of Lanmodo Vast night vision system for driving a car

In the wild, living creatures are divided quite clearly into nocturnal and daytime inhabitants. But for a long time now, daylight has become insufficient for man, so almost all representatives of our civilization lead an active life even after sunset.

Naturally, many of them have to carry out the process of driving their vehicle in the dark. For some people, this causes certain complications - there is not enough lighting, or the light of oncoming cars blinds the eyes. A night vision system for a car will allow you to avoid most of these problems in order to drive your car in comfortable and safe conditions.

The purpose of a night vision system for a car and its operating principle

The night vision system allows the driver to get more information about what is happening on a dark road (cars, pedestrians or other obstacles). This reduces the psychological burden on the driver and, ultimately, increases traffic safety.

Night vision system adds comfort when driving a car

The use of the system today is quite limited. It is only offered as an option for premium vehicles. In principle, this is the fate of many useful innovations in cars. First the premium class, and then, if the use of the new system has justified itself, then cheaper cars.

Using a special camera, the system detects the thermal radiation of objects, processes the received signal and displays an image.

All night vision systems are divided into active and passive:

• Active ones use an infrared light source located on the car.
• Passive systems do not have such a source, but perceive only infrared radiation from objects.

The systems make it possible to see what is happening on the road at a distance of up to 250 meters.

Trade names of systems:

• active: Night View Assist, Night View;
• passive: Night Vision Assistant, Night Vision, Intelligent Night Vision System.

The most advanced modifications of night vision systems, in addition to assisting the driver, can notify pedestrians of possible danger.

The system includes the following components:

• infrared active or passive cameras located in the headlights;
• a regular video camera located in the cabin near the windshield;
• electronic control unit;
• monitor for displaying information (on the instrument panel or using the display of a multimedia complex).

How does a car night vision system work?

The system operation algorithm is as follows. It comes into operation when the vehicle speed reaches 45 km/h. The control unit receives information from the cameras. From infrared - about the situation on the road ahead of the car. From the usual - in the light or dark of the day, whether there are other cars ahead on the road, oncoming or passing. After processing, the information is displayed on the monitor.

How the system works

The system is able to detect and identify a pedestrian at a distance of up to 80 meters.

Pedestrians are warned either by illuminating them for a short time or by flashing flashes. For this purpose, additional cornering lights are used, often LED, located next to the fog lights.

If there are other cars on the road ahead, the headlights do not turn on. This feature is also provided for safety reasons to avoid blinding drivers.

Video:

It’s a good option to make driving a car easier at night, it’s just a pity that the system is not installed on all cars.

Features of night vision systems

Structurally, all devices are equipped with active cameras that are installed in the main headlights, video cameras behind the windshield, an information screen in the car interior and an electronic control unit.

Infrared systems allow you to record the situation on the road. They determine what time of day it is at the moment, as well as the presence of oncoming or ahead cars. The information is sent to the car's electronic unit, then processed and displayed on the screen.

In the case of Mercedes, a high-quality LCD display on the dashboard for an S-class car or a navigation system screen for an E-class car is used as a screen in the cabin. The first cameras displayed images on glass.

Pedestrians are alerted to any danger by short light signals or vehicle headlights for several seconds. If cars moving ahead or towards you are noticed, the system will not work so as not to blind them. The system is triggered when the speed is not lower than 45 km/h and pedestrians are detected at a distance of no more than 100 meters.

Camera components

Automotive night vision devices consist of the following components:

• An active or passive infrared radiation device for a car, which is located in the headlights.
• A regular video camera in the cabin near the windshield.
• Electronic control unit.
• A monitor for displaying information on the screen or mode as part of a multimedia complex.

While driving, the car's sensors pick up thermal signals and transmit them to a camera, which takes an image. It is then delivered to the car’s on-board computer, which projects the image at the required scale.

How it works

LET'S START with the fact that although the human eye is often called “the most advanced optical instrument,” it sees only thousandths of the entire spectrum of optical radiation. In addition, at illumination below 0.01 lux (that is, in deep twilight), we are only able to see large objects located nearby and cannot distinguish colors.

Night vision devices (NVDs) operate in the infrared range of optical radiation, inaccessible to humans. Outwardly, they resemble a regular CCTV camera. A special unit - an electron-optical converter - transforms these invisible waves into an image visible to the eye that appears on the monitor screen.

Based on the principle of operation, NVGs (including automobile ones) are divided into passive and active. The first ones are also called thermal imagers - they recognize the heat emitted by objects. The higher the temperature of an object, the brighter it appears on the screen; people and animals are especially visible. However, the “picture” of thermal imagers is very specific - it resembles a black and white negative.

Active NVGs provide a more familiar image. Unlike thermal imagers, they do not see the object’s own radiation, but the rays of infrared illumination reflected from it. That is, the road is illuminated by IR headlights in the same way as regular ones, and a special video camera “sees” it like an eye. The image on the monitor can be compared to a black and white photograph of mediocre quality. It is not necessary to distinguish particularly small details from night vision systems; the main thing is to clearly identify the object itself. Infrared rays are invisible, and even when the special headlights are turned on at full power, they do not create any interference for oncoming drivers.

For the vast majority of automobile night vision devices, the maximum range is considered to be 300 m. There is no point in increasing it - anyway, the pedestrian will be displayed on the monitor screen as an indistinguishable point.

Night vision systems

In practice, everything looks quite simple. Infrared spotlights are installed in the headlight unit, and the infrared camera is located at the upper edge of the windshield. The computer processes the image, and the resulting image is displayed on the display. This is, for example, what the night vision system on a Mercedes-Benz looks like.

Infrared rays are invisible and therefore cannot blind oncoming drivers. But their range of action is comparable to high beam headlights. In addition, the abilities of the “third eye” are not limited to “invisible illumination” alone. For example, this is how you can recognize the car of a slob who has forgotten to mark the onset of darkness by turning on the lights, or notice a car parked on the side of the road. Moreover, it will not be difficult to distinguish a motorcycle from a “one-eyed” car, the owner of which is too lazy to stop by a service center and repair his brainchild. The display will clearly show foreign objects lying on the roadway, such as boxes or boards that have fallen from a truck. And finally, the most important thing: the system is trained to warn the driver in advance about the appearance of a stray cyclist without reflectors or a lost pedestrian on the road.

Rare bird

FOR A LONG time, car night vision systems were considered an attribute only of expensive luxury models. Now the Moscow company Arsenal Security has developed a night vision device that can be installed on almost any car - from Zhiguli to Mercedes. In particular, we tested a prototype of the device, called “Owl,” installed on a Lada 8th model.

“Don’t pay attention to protruding wires and rough fasteners,” warned the company’s director and chief developer Igor Litvinenko. – The system is fully operational, but is still at the stage of final fine-tuning and adjustment.

The most important parts of the NVD are two infrared spotlights. Outwardly, they look exactly the same, but perform different tasks: the first “floods” the space 80 m in front of the car with a wide stream of infrared rays, and the second gives a narrow directed radiation that hits 250 m.

The IR headlights themselves look very solid - a classic shape, in the form of a hemisphere, completely black, including the emitter. If I were the owner of a brutal SUV, I would certainly install them on the “Kanguryatnik” - the jeepers I know would die of envy. They would also be suitable for collection vehicles and other special vehicles. But these spotlights are clearly not suitable for passenger cars. On the test Lada, the headlights are attached to the arch on the roof, a la a Jeeper “chandelier”. I don’t deny that it looks impressive – either a measuring device or a radar. Some cars even slowed down when driving past the stationary figure eight. But I wouldn’t put such a “decoration” on my golf-class hatchback.

However, according to Litvinenko, LED spotlights are being developed for passenger cars, which will be built into the bumper like fog lights.

The second important component of the system is a video camera capable of seeing infrared rays. This is a model of one of the specialized foreign companies. The camera is relatively compact - about the size of a standard plastic cup, but at the moment it does not have a housing, and therefore looks somewhat alien in the car interior.

Another element is the monitor. At the time of testing, an inexpensive car TV of the Videovox brand was used. But “Owl” can work with most LCD monitors on the market, as well as with the standard video systems of many cars. The main condition is that the display must have an analog video input. This is quite enough for the system. The signal from the camera is fed to the monitor input through a digital image processing unit.

In addition, the night vision system is equipped with an infrared filter, which is installed in front of the lens and removes various light interference and, and in the near future, will be supplemented with a special digital device (also a kind of filter), which will make the picture on the screen clearer.

How “Owl” saved a cat

It turned out to be impossible to FIND a completely unlit street in Moscow. For the sake of the purity of the experiment, we went to a completely dark primer on the far outskirts of the capital.

It was decided to compare visibility with low beam headlights with the image on the Owl screen obtained under the same conditions. A couple of people from our company took on the role of “mannequins”.

The first test shooting at a distance of 50 m. And the standard headlights of the test G8 are rather weak... It is only our photojournalist, as befits a person of his profession, who sees pedestrians in dark clothes at such a distance. No matter how hard I try, I can only discern vague silhouettes. But the monitor clearly shows two figures, and in addition - all the unevenness of the road with potholes and potholes. We ask our assistants to move 100 m away. Now they have completely disappeared into the darkness. But “Owl” still clearly shows both the road and pedestrians. Even the brightness of the image did not change, only the figures on the screen became smaller. 150 m – as they say, the view is normal. 200 m - the figures have noticeably faded, but are still distinguishable. At such a distance, even the high beams of a car’s headlights would not have snatched them out of the pitch darkness...

Systems from automotive industry leaders

Mercedes' infrared emitters are located in the inner corners of the headlights.

The IR video camera of the sedan from Stuttgart is located near the rear view mirror.

FOR THE FIRST TIME, the Americans began serially installing night vision devices on civilian cars - the pioneer was the 2000 Cadillac DeVille with the passive “Night Vision” system.

Modern cars are equipped with both types of night vision systems - both active and passive. As a rule, automakers themselves do not develop night vision devices, but turn to recognized authorities in the field of high-tech electronics, for example, Siemens VDO or Raytheon Systems Co., who manufacture such systems for leading automobile concerns.

As an example, we can name two companies - Mercedes-Benz and BMW, which produce cars equipped with standard night vision devices. But their approach to the operating principles of these devices is fundamentally different.

Mercedes' Night View Assist system, which we tested that same evening, works on an active principle. The road is illuminated by two infrared spotlights built into the headlights. The IR video camera is located in the area of ​​the interior rearview mirror. Information is displayed on the LCD display located on the dashboard in the form of a black and white “picture”. Since the spotlights pick out absolutely all objects from the darkness, and not just heated ones, the image is very realistic: even small potholes on the asphalt are visible.

Everything works great, the only alarming thing is that the “Night View Assist” system clearly considers itself smarter than the owner. She allows herself to be turned on only when, in her opinion, it becomes dark enough. The next limitation is that the infrared spotlights light up only when driving at a speed above 15 km/h; this point is even specifically noted in the attached instructions. In addition, the device is inactive when reversing. Apparently, the German developers had some reasons for these restrictions. But the operation of the domestic “Owl” does not depend on the driving mode and lighting conditions - it can be activated at any time, even with the ignition turned off - from a car battery. In terms of range, the Mercedes “Night View Assist” is also somewhat inferior to the Russian development - approximately 150 m.

A passive device from BMW, called “Night Vision,” is a thermal imager with a video camera mounted at the bottom of the front bumper. Its operating range is about 300 m. The system sensitively detects temperature differences and clearly “draws” living objects. But with obstacles on the road the situation is worse. The camera does not see a hole or stone, if it does not differ in temperature from asphalt. But the system reacts to the speed of the car and, as it increases, increases the viewing range, and when the car turns, it shifts the “picture” on the screen in the direction of movement.

It is difficult to say which system is better. The competition between active and passive NVGs will be decided by time. Thermal imagers “see” pedestrians more clearly, and active systems see inanimate objects. Experts believe that the optimal solution would be a combination of both operating principles. Apparently, such devices will appear on the market in the near future.

How does a car's night vision system work?

New technologies are increasingly being introduced into cars, one of them is NVA, or in other words, a night vision system for a car. Let's consider the principle of operation, application and purpose of the system.

More than once the driver had problems while driving in the dark. Now the night vision system will help eliminate them. Even before it reached the automotive industry, it was used in the military. It was only relatively recently that they began to introduce it into cars.

My experience testing the night vision of a Lanmodo Vast car

Honestly, my first experience using this system was very exciting. Lanmodo Vast night vision system gives you an accurate picture of what's on the road. Despite its compact dimensions, Lanmodo Vast sees much further than the driver in the dark, fog and other difficult weather conditions. There is no need to manually turn the system on/off as it automatically starts when the car engine starts. In addition to its efficiency, the screen gives you a much wider view of the street. Moreover, the images are colorful and high resolution.

On my first ride without the headlights on, the view was clear and naturally lit.

While driving, you can see a clear image of the street as it is, even without street lights. The vision range is 300m, longer than high beam headlights, helping you drive safely. You can easily and in time see an approaching road sign, a pedestrian or any animal near the road.

The Lanmodo night vision camera is specially designed to clearly see what is happening in any difficult weather conditions, such as snow or rain.

Overall, the Lanmodo Vast night vision camera exceeds all expectations, delivering top-notch performance. Works as expected.

Revealing the Night Vision System

The vehicle's NVA system, as a rule, helps the driver cope with driving conditions in the evening and at night. This system is designed to recognize various objects and pedestrians in unlit areas of the highway, its subsequent trajectory and, of course, helps to see various obstacles that may interfere with the normal movement of the car along the road.

It is also worth noting here one more advantage of this night vision system - it helps the car driver’s vision not be strained as much as it happens under normal conditions, and also increases the safety of the motorist while the car is moving. When buying a car to ensure even better safety while driving, you need to pay attention mainly to premium cars, since they have a built-in night vision system, which is installed as an option directly by the manufacturers.

Like any thermal imager or any other similar device, the operating principle of the system is based on capturing the thermal (infrared) radiation of movable and immovable objects or people using a special camera. Once such objects are perceived, they are reproduced on the display like a gray image with an image of the same color in a scaled size that can be seen clearly.

Operating principle of the camera

A night vision camera in a car works on the principle of thermal radiation. For example, a car generates heat while driving, and the operation of this device is based on it.

• Infrared or thermal radiation is detected by a special thermal imager.
• The device receives information and makes an image from it, which is fed through the monitor into the car interior.

Thanks to the night vision camera, an image with the clearest contours of various objects is formed on the monitor screen, which creates comfort and convenience when traveling at night.

Why do experts recommend installing these systems in cars? Everything is obvious: according to statistics, most emergency situations occur at night, when the car owner is put under an extra burden in terms of control and visibility.

Types of devices

Night vision systems for cars are divided into the following categories:

• Passive devices.
• Active devices.

Passive cameras work solely on receiving information about thermal radiation from oncoming objects. Active ones receive information using their own radiation and brightly highlight all important objects.

Thus, passive ones respond better to moving objects, and active ones - to stationary objects. If you have enough money to purchase this equipment, it is recommended to buy two models at once.

A little history

The first devices using thermal radiation appeared in the sixties and have become popular since then. The devices are used in the military industry to identify the enemy in poor visibility, in rescue operations during searches for people or animals, and in the automotive field.

Do you need a night vision camera?

The benefits of night vision cameras are invaluable, but is it accessible to ordinary drivers? A night vision system is not a cheap device, because the production and materials themselves are quite expensive. Therefore, the systems are so far only found in premium cars.

However, if you wish, you can purchase a camera separately for your car. It is worth considering that such a purchase will be an excellent opportunity to protect yourself from unpleasant situations on the road.

Article on the topic: Choosing the best car compressor for inflating tires

Types of car night vision systems

NVA systems can be divided into two types: passive and active. Passive night vision systems do not have an individual source of thermal radiation. The infrared camera “catches” the infrared radiation of the above objects at a distance of approximately 300 meters. Typically, such a device is characterized by a high level of contrast, but at the same time low resolution of the overall image. There are such passive NVA systems from auto manufacturers as BMW, Audi, Intelligent Night Vision System from Honda and General Motors.

Types of systems

Today a person has the opportunity to choose from two options for night vision systems for his vehicle:

1. Passive equipment.
2. Active systems.

A passive car night vision camera works only by receiving information about the thermal radiation of oncoming objects. Active systems additionally process data with their own infrared radiation, as if highlighting all important objects.

As a result, the first option better understands moving objects, while the second provides more information about stationary objects. Therefore, if a person has such a financial opportunity, experts recommend purchasing both types of similar equipment at once, although it costs quite a significant amount of money.

Night View Assist Plus from Mercedes-Benz

The latest innovation, Night View Assist Plus, among similar vehicle systems from Mercedes-Benz developers, is even more advanced both from a functional and technical point of view. In addition to all the usual driver alert functions mentioned above, this night vision system is capable of warning pedestrians of possible danger.

Such a system from Mercedes includes an electronic control unit, thermal active cameras in the front optics, a video camera near the central rear-view mirror and an information display in the car interior.

These thermal video cameras of this night vision system directly help display traffic information on the display. The camera allows you to determine the movement of a car at one time or another of the day, the presence of oncoming cars or other cars ahead. As soon as information about the surrounding situation is recorded, it is transmitted to a special electronic control unit, in which it is processed and then shown on the information display.

The information display is a liquid crystal display located on the instrument panel (S-class) or is a navigation system screen (E-class). Although before this, the necessary information from the night vision system was displayed on the windshield.

Another rather interesting phenomenon in this night vision system is that the pedestrian is warned in advance of impending danger. In such situations, short light signals begin to be sent in his direction or the car’s headlights simply glow continuously for five seconds. It is also well thought out here that when an oncoming car is driving, the night vision system does not work. This once again “saves” drivers from being blinded at night.

The Mercedes night vision system is activated when the car is moving at a speed starting from 45 km/h, taking into account the location of the pedestrian no more than 80 m from the moving car.

Lighting the way

At first, Kuzmin and Bespotestnykh conducted their research, as they say, out of sporting interest. “The further we went in the testing process, the more interesting it became,” says Maxim Kuzmin. Knowledge was taken from the Internet, in university libraries, and specialists from all over the country were involved in the development.

The main problem with infrared cameras is “flare” (blooming effect), when the image deteriorates due to the light of oncoming headlights. “I have not met a single system that could “see” well and far at night without being interfered with by oncoming light sources,” says Maxim Kuzmin. — And we managed to solve this problem by improving the video signal processing algorithm. We got a clear picture, and in color, which has never been seen in night vision systems before.”

At the same time, the driver can see the “picture” of the road by looking straight ahead - it is displayed as a projection on the windshield, in the area under the rear-view mirror (no need to look from the road to the monitor). Irway considers this an advantage; on the other hand, the creators of “Owl” at one time abandoned this idea, considering that the projection on the windshield would distract the driver too much from the road.

Another innovation was that Irway developers thought of using standard high-beam headlights for infrared illumination. A special device is connected to them, and they begin to work in the infrared range. Otherwise, we would have to install additional infrared spotlights on the radiator grille or on the roof - in general, we would have suffered with this. Such “decoration” could ruin the appearance of the car and would deter many from purchasing the system.

The developers received three patents for these inventions.

The first Irway installations went to friends, Kuzmin recalls: “It happened that you would give someone a ride, and their eyes would light up: what a thing... Although at first even the owners of premium cars had questions - what is it and why is it needed. But after driving a car with our system, their eyes opened.”

BMW Dynamic Light Spot night vision system

Of course, the developers of the system from Mercedes-Benz are great, but they... This can be explained by the fact that she created an intelligent car night vision system, which detects a pedestrian in a potentially unsafe area close to the highway.

Night Vision Dynamic Light Spot is capable of automatically illuminating a pedestrian who is in a potentially unfavorable location from the car. That is why the rotating diode headlights are fixed in the places reserved for fog lights.

Rotating LED headlights are good because they have the ability to illuminate objects off the road. It's also worth pointing out that the Dynamic Light Spot system complements BMW's Night Vision system.

Video example of how the NVA system works on a Mercedes-Benz:

Why is a car night vision system a necessity?

Installing a night driving system in a car will help motorists detect dangerous obstacles on the roadway, significantly reduce the driver’s stress when driving a vehicle in poor visibility conditions and at night, and promote confident driving at any time and in any weather conditions.

Professional hunters install a night driving system in their vehicle to monitor and locate game from within the vehicle.

Car enthusiasts seeking to equip their interiors with the latest technology purchase a night vision system for their car in order to make their car stand out and create the most comfortable conditions for themselves.

And if earlier night vision systems in cars could only be found in luxury categories of vehicles, now they are installed in budget models.

The principle of operation of automobile night vision systems and whether it is possible to make them yourself

Night vision systems have been actively used in the military industry for quite a long time. They are used to equip a variety of equipment and complete with appropriate military equipment. But this equipment entered the world of civilian cars quite recently, but managed to make a loud statement about itself. Not everyone understands why such a system is needed on a regular machine and what it gives. In fact, these are useful devices that significantly increase the level of safety and give drivers confidence when driving at night. It is important to consider which night vision device (NVD) you will use, as systems can be implemented in different ways. Some simply increase the brightness of the picture, which is transmitted from external cameras to the monitor. Others, which are more functional, transform the image using additional infrared sensors. This is an excellent additional help. But for now, such systems are installed mainly on expensive cars from leading automakers. Owners of more modest cars can also count on installing the system, and many do it with their own hands, using almost improvised means.

The principle of operation of the night vision system.

My first impression of Lanmodo Vast

Upon receipt of the parcel, the first positive impression was formed thanks to the durable packaging. Night vision camera link has been mentioned above so you can easily visit the website and know more details. You will also receive an instruction manual with beautiful color pictures that will make it easier for you to read and understand.

A non-slip mat is used to install the equipment. There is also a high quality app that comes with the dashboard. The other box contains the following accessories compactly packed: suction cups, power cable, main cable and connectors.

A small screwdriver is carefully included with the kit for your ease of assembly. Next you will find the device itself with a top protective film and a neatly installed camera on the back panel. The camera captures and plays back images in 1080P high resolution. The rear view camera is waterproof and made of durable material, which allows you to get an image with a resolution of 720. There is a small button on the night vision device that will help you switch the front/rear view.

What it is

Everyone is familiar with the situation when, in the dark, you have to constantly switch from high beam to low beam, so as not to blind oncoming traffic. This requires constant focusing of vision, which is in a state of tension. Plus, low beam does not always allow you to fully assess what is happening on the side of the road. Running pedestrians, unmarked cyclists, a parked car, and more can be a real problem. And to avoid it, cars are equipped with various assistants and systems, and they try to improve the operation of lighting equipment. But this is not always enough. Therefore, manufacturers began to gradually introduce night vision systems, which proved to be excellent in practice. Night vision systems for cars are special devices for improving the quality of perception of the surrounding space under conditions of poor visibility, which is caused by darkness, fog, smoke, etc. In the vast majority of cases, night vision devices come as additional equipment, and this option costs quite a lot.

The most effective are night vision systems that are installed in the front of the car. The camera works in conjunction with special infrared sensors. The image from the video camera is transmitted to the control unit, which also receives data from the sensors. The ECU processes the information and displays it on the monitor inside the car. As a result, the driver can see on the screen what the human eye is unable to see. An alternative to a monitor is a projection that is displayed directly on the windshield. But such systems are much more expensive, and you won’t be able to implement them yourself. This is purely factory equipment. The systems existing on the market can be divided into 2 categories:

• Active. It uses an infrared radiation source located directly on the vehicle itself,
• Passive. They differ in that there are no infrared emitters, so radiation is received only from the objects themselves.

NVGs are capable of showing what is happening on the road at a distance of about 300 meters, but no more. This turns out to be quite enough to get your bearings in time, make the appropriate decision and avoid an accident or other unpleasant situation. The most modern night vision systems provide warnings for pedestrians themselves. Structurally, NVGs consist of several main components:

• infrared emitter sensors,
• video cameras,
• electronic control unit,
• monitor.

Infrared emitters, depending on the type of device, can be active or passive. They are installed directly into the headlight housing, which allows you to monitor what is happening ahead. The camera is used as usual, without any special additional systems. It is installed in the area of ​​the windshield. The electronic control unit is designed to collect information from the video camera and emitters, as well as for further processing. The monitor displays the processed information on the display, and the resulting image with possible obstacles invisible to the eye becomes available to the driver.

Night vision systems

However, for all its advantages, the electronic eye cannot replace the human eye. In any case, you will have to keep an eye on the road in the traditional way - through the windshield. By and large, the system has an auxiliary value - a kind of addition to the mirrors. In addition, the pleasure will not be cheap: for example, for the BMW 5 Series Night-view costs from 112,400 rubles.

We decided: When buying a premium car for two or three million, you shouldn’t save one hundred thousand on a night vision system. In a critical situation, it will help you avoid serious damage and even save the life of an unwary pedestrian.

Third Eye: Night Vision Systems

Types and principle of operation

In the operation of night vision cameras for cars, the main functions are performed by the sensors and the camera. Sensors pick up infrared and thermal signals, and a camera captures an image. When the electronic control unit processes the received data, a picture is projected on the screen. This is usually a colorless image at a given scale. But here it is important to take into account the fact that the night vision device provided in the design of the car can be active or passive. Depending on which NVD is installed, the principle of their operation is distinguished. Active systems are widely used in cars from Toyota and Mercedes. Infrared emitters are provided here, which can be installed as a separate option if desired. This allows you to display a picture on the monitor with good quality and resolution. Such NVDs are capable of detecting obstacles at a distance of about 250 meters.

Operating principle

A car's night vision system works on the same principle as its traditional counterparts. As you know, all living beings on our planet emit thermal radiation to one degree or another. But not only animals have this gift. For example, any vehicle generates heat when moving. It is on this point that the operation of a night vision camera for a car is based:

• Infrared or thermal radiation is recorded by a thermal imager.
• The equipment converts the received information and superimposes it on an image fed to a monitor located in the vehicle interior.

Thus, clearer outlines of cars, people, animals and other elements appear on a regular video image, which is very convenient when driving at night.

The technology used in night vision systems is quite advanced, as it appeared a long time ago - the first analogs underwent practical tests back in the 60s of the 20th century. Initially, it was intended only for the military industry, but today almost anyone can equip their car with it.

Why do experts recommend paying attention to night vision cameras for cars? It’s all very simple - according to statistics, more than half of the road accidents in the world occur at night, when the driver has an additional load when driving his car. A night vision camera can mitigate some of the disadvantages of night driving, especially if it occurs in difficult weather conditions.

The best factory NVGs

When it comes to car safety, German automakers have always taken leading positions. So, in terms of night vision devices used, experts believe that it is companies from Germany who equip their cars with the best systems so far.

• Night View Assist Plus. This is what Mercedes called their development. This system is distinguished by the presence of a danger warning function for pedestrians, which complements the driver's standard warning system. Structurally, it is a complex of infrared cameras consisting of head optics, video cameras, a monitor and an electronic control unit. Infrared cameras allow the car to monitor what is happening on the road, while conventional cameras determine the time of day, record oncoming traffic and record video. A system of sound and light signals is used to warn pedestrians. The NVG turns on automatically when the speed is more than 45 kilometers per hour. Electronics can recognize a pedestrian at a distance of up to 80 meters,
• Dynamic Light Spot. This is a complementary system to BMW's NVGs. They have managed to go even further than their competitors from Mercedes in terms of warning pedestrians. They use an intelligent night vision device that can detect pedestrians dangerously close to the road. The peculiarity of the equipment is that it uses a heartbeat sensor. It detects the presence of living creatures and can detect them at a distance of up to 100 meters. Additional diodes are built into the main optics, designed to illuminate objects near the road and inform them of danger.

The use of night vision devices on cars has a number of undeniable advantages. Moreover, they can be obtained even from the simplest systems, which are gradually becoming obsolete. But they are still able to perform their tasks efficiently, inform the driver in a timely manner, and also warn pedestrians about potential threats.

Which cameras are better?

Of course, as with any product, there are leaders among devices. BMW products are high-quality and reliable passive equipment. The devices are called Light Spot. They implemented the following features:

They recognize living objects and objects at a distance of about 100 meters from the car under different conditions and visibility. As an addition, detected objects are illuminated with LEDs.

The release of our domestic equipment called “Owl” is expected soon. It is now undergoing final testing. What capabilities will be implemented in it is still unknown, but the fact that its cost will be an order of magnitude lower is a fact.

Among active night vision devices, a popular choice is the Night View Assist Plus model from the German manufacturer Mercedes-Benz. The infrared camera perfectly sees any objects at a distance of up to 200 meters and, after detection, turns on additional illumination. In addition, the backlight turns off when there are oncoming cars, so as not to dazzle drivers.

Considering the high cost of night vision devices, all manufacturers without exception guarantee the reliability of all sensors and stable operation at any temperature. Only the North Pole and Antarctica are not included in the list of recommended places for use.

Homemade NVGs

Some will be surprised, but in reality it is possible to assemble a car safety device with your own hands. To provide night vision for your car, you will need a certain set of components. Finding them is not difficult, which is why many enthusiasts take up this task with pleasure. I would like to warn you in advance that without experience working with electrical and automotive electronics, you should not take on such a task. If you wish, you can seek help from specialists who will assemble and install a decent night vision system on your car. But if you are determined to assemble the device yourself, you will need to assemble certain components that will make up the night vision device.

1. Monitor. This is where all the information will be displayed. Some people use monitors from old video cameras. Or you can purchase a full-fledged new display. It all depends on what size screen you want to get, and how much your budget allows for such purchases.
2. Video finder. Also taken from an old video camera. This is the best option. Moreover, it is not necessary to disassemble the new camera. If you go to a regular radio market, which is found in almost any city, you can buy a video finder that has already been disassembled at a low price, or you can buy a non-working camera where the finder remains intact. Spare parts for video cameras are not difficult to find.
3. Night vision camera. This is somewhat more difficult, since you will definitely need a working and well-functioning night camera. You are unlikely to find such a device in the departments of household appliance stores. They are sold to those who offer various surveillance systems for homes, offices, businesses, etc. This is where you need to look for a camera equipped with a night vision mode. They are relatively inexpensive, so such a purchase will not hit your budget too much.
4. Infrared emitters. A total of 6 such devices are required per vehicle. You should start searching for them in radio equipment stores. Decide for yourself what the illumination range of the emitters will be. The larger it is, the more expensive a set of new infrared emitters will ultimately cost.

It cannot be said that assembly involves carrying out some very complex events. If you have at least a little experience in working with such devices, it will take literally several hours to manufacture a car night vision system. The main task here is to create a connection between the video camera, video finder and infrared emitters. To do this, you need to connect a couple of the most significant wires. This is a common wire from the video camera and a video output, as well as a video finder with a video output. Having made such a connection, all devices will eventually be combined into a common circuit. Having prepared a connection diagram in advance, each device is installed in its place, connected to each other and tested.

It is important to remember the fact that the video finder, like the video camera itself, must operate on the same voltage. Since we are talking about the on-board network, the best option here would be 5 Volts. Don't forget about the special adapter, which is designed to combine the monitor placed inside the car and the video camera itself, which displays the image on the display. You cannot do without a special switch necessary for the operation of infrared emitters, a camera and an interior display. You don’t have to spend a lot of money on purchasing these additional components. This is still several times cheaper than buying a premium car with a factory-installed night vision device. Whether to install a system on your car for better night vision of what is happening around you or not, everyone decides for themselves. This is a useful and effective equipment that can help in emergency situations and prevent road accidents. But the system is more relevant for those who prefer to drive at night, or who have to drive a car mainly at night.

Don't forget that you can't rely on the system alone. Although a night vision device can see obstacles, no one should lower their concentration.

Be extremely careful on the roads, monitor the situation around you, do not exceed the speed limit and adjust the operation of your head optics as necessary. Sometimes it is incorrectly installed or adjusted headlights that cause collisions with pedestrians in the dark, accidents involving parked cars, etc. Remember the importance of remaining visible on night roads. To do this, always turn on your hazard lights when stopped, do not park in the wrong places with busy traffic, and also remember the requirements for the use of reflective vests.

Review of combat night vision systems from Western manufacturers

Thermal imaging of American soldiers on mission
When it comes to dedicated night vision systems, the modern soldier has never before had such a wide selection to choose from. Several companies in North America and Europe produce specialized equipment to enable soldiers to observe their general or specific targets of interest.

Combination systems for 24/7 surveillance along with target illumination devices are available on the market. For general night surveillance, there is a range of hand-held thermal imaging models on the market that not only provide excellent night surveillance, but also good visibility through the dust and smoke of the battlefield.

The night vision (NV) capabilities of modern combat surveillance systems are an essential tool for 24/7 combat. In addition, they are a means that will identify a target with high accuracy and then report it to other fighters. Along with sophisticated optical-electronic and infrared (EO/IR) systems, modern surveillance models are often equipped with communications interfaces that allow target data and imagery to be transmitted in real time to a command and control network at higher echelons or neighboring units. These interfaces allow complex target information to be transmitted in a clear, uninterrupted manner, unlike voice instructions, which always run the risk of being misheard over the noise of the battlefield, with potentially catastrophic consequences.

The systems described in this article use thermal imaging to obtain images of the surrounding area.

Basically, thermal imaging uses infrared lenses that collect focused radiation, which is then scanned by IR detectors placed on a phased array. Thus, a thermogram is created by the grating in approximately 1/5 of a second. The signal generation unit then converts the thermal image into electrical impulses and transmits this information to the display, which presents the image to the viewer at different brightness levels according to the infrared radiation that the object emits in the field of view.

Thermal imaging instruments are generally divided into uncooled systems, which operate at room temperature, and cooled systems, in which the sensor is cooled to approximately 100 Kelvin. The advantage of cooled systems is that they provide much better clarity because the sensor can detect minute changes in temperature down to 0.1°C even at a distance of up to 300 meters. But cooled systems have the disadvantage of being more fragile than their uncooled counterparts. In addition, they also require either a gas cylinder or a Stirling motor/pump to cool the sensor. The first solution imposes a significant logistical burden, while the second can sometimes be too noisy over a certain distance and is not suitable for hidden applications.

Europe

Europe is home to several manufacturers of combat surveillance systems, including the French company Sagem Defense Securite. This company makes the JIM-LR and JIM-MR models. The cooled JIM-LR surveillance system, with a low weight of about 2.6 kg, has a sensitivity of 3-5 microns; Despite the cooling pump, this system is very quiet. This characteristic was demonstrated more than once during night exercises, when the JIM-LR device was almost inaudible even when operating in a small empty room in the silence of the night. In addition, the JIM-LR has three magnifications: x2, x4 and x8; and an identification distance of about 3.5 km for a tank, and detection of such vehicles is possible at a distance of 9 km. The JIM-LR user also benefits from an installed GPS receiver, which provides the exact location of the sensor and therefore any target of interest. This accuracy is further enhanced by the digital magnetic compass.

Sagem's JIM-MR close-range model has a wide field of view and 2x magnification in the 8-12 micron range. This allows the user to detect and identify a tank at a distance of 3.5 and 1 km, respectively. Meanwhile, precise target coordinates are provided by a laser rangefinder and a built-in digital magnetic compass.

The VARIOVIEW family of handheld thermal imagers from the German company Jenoptik AG also uses uncooled thermal imagers and is therefore completely silent. Jenoptik produces two main variants: VARIOVIEW 150 and VARIOVIEW 75. The first has 150 mm IR lenses, the second 75 mm lenses, respectively, they are designed for long-range and short-range observation. In the VARIOVIEW 150 product line, Jenoptik offers a basic system that can only be used as a thermal imager and a separate model that adds a laser rangefinder. Long battery life and low maintenance costs make the VARIOVIEW 150 "modest" from a logistics point of view. Regarding recognition distances, the VARIOVIEW 150 can detect a human figure from approximately 5 km and a car at a distance of up to 8 km. VARIOVIEW 75 has similar characteristics, although its detection distances are 2.5 km for a person and 5 km for a machine. In addition, the VARIOVIEW 150 and 75 models can be connected to an external power supply and video monitors.

In terms of dedicated surveillance systems, Jenoptik makes the NYXUS day/night surveillance platform, which can be mounted on a tripod, a useful option for long-term operation. Long-lasting performance is also supported by 12-hour battery life. To obtain target coordinates, NYXUS combines a gyroscope and a goniometer (a device for measuring angles) along with a digital compass and GPS. For observation, a thermal imager is combined with binoculars, while an eye-safe Class 1M laser rangefinder helps accurately determine the coordinates of the target. Jenoptik notes that this product is ideal for artillery observer units along with forward air controllers. For this purpose, the NYXUS model entered service with the German army back in 2007.

In addition to the NYXUS, Jenoptik is supplying the NYXUS-LR handheld thermal imager as part of the German IdZ-ES future infantryman program. NYXUS-LR facilitates 24/7 surveillance and also provides good visibility through smoke and dust. It provides remote sensing and target coordinates along with its own position via a digital magnetic compass and optional GPS. There is also a CCD camera (CCD - charge-coupled device, otherwise a semiconductor light-sensitive matrix) along with a laser rangefinder. The detection ranges for the NYXUS-LR are about 5 km for the vehicle and 4 km for its identification (vehicle), the laser rangefinder also has similar ranges. The addition of a wireless interface also allows the NYXUS-LR to share images with other users.

JIM-LR

SOPHIE MF

Simrad VINGTAQS

Other members of the Jenoptik NYXUS family include the NYXUS MR and SR instruments. These are uncooled, lightweight thermal imagers that the company says provide “capabilities previously unattainable in wearable, uncooled equipment for long-range detection of people and vehicles.” The company produces the NYXUS-MR and NYXUS-SR models for medium and short-range surveillance.

As the Sagem product line demonstrates, France is something of a hub for excellent night surveillance systems, and Thales is also responsible for a number of similar systems. The company produces one of the most famous series of products in this field, namely the SOPHIE family. SOPHIE models have an ergonomic design, a binocular configuration and, according to Thales, this family represents the first, hand-held long-wave thermal imaging system capable of operating independently of any external cooling system. SOPHIE was originally manufactured in the 8-12 micron range, which became a NATO standard due not only to its ability to operate in a wide range of conditions, but also to the good smoke and dust permeability inherent in this range.

The SOPHIE family includes the cooled SOPHIE-MF model, which has three fields of view: narrow, wide and x2 magnification. Thales claims that the thermal imager can operate in extreme conditions, with temperatures ranging from -40°C to +55°C; a useful feature for soldiers using the device in the climate of Afghanistan. With a range of up to 10 km, this surveillance system also includes an RS-422 interface, laser rangefinder and laser pointer, magnetic compass, built-in GPS and daytime color camera. One of the attractive characteristics of SOPHIE-MF is that it can be used to detect camouflaged targets.

The SOPHIE-MF model is accompanied by a simple SOPHIE thermal imager. Like his “brother,” he can work in similar extreme conditions and identify camouflaged targets. SOPHIE also has three fields of view; narrow, wide and electronic magnification; the complete model weighs 2.4 kg. SOPHIE has a five-hour battery life, but unlike the SOPHIE-MF it does not have a laser pointer, rangefinder or daytime color camera.

Both SOPHIE and SOPHIE-MF thermal imagers operate in the 8-12 micron range. However, SOPHIE-ZS from Thales operates in the 3-5 micron range and has x6 continuous optical zoom, an RS-422 interface and weighs 2.4 kg. Meanwhile, SOPHIE-XF is a third-generation thermal imaging target location system. Like the SOPHIE-ZS, the SOPHIE-XF has a continuous magnification of x2.6-x16. In addition, the battery charge lasts for 7 hours, and the range of the laser rangefinder is up to 10 km.

Thales operates under the motto “modularity” and therefore has also manufactured a surveillance system known as the ELVIR Modular Uncooled Infrared Camera, which can be used as part of a laser thermal imaging system or as a standalone product. With a detection range of 1.5 km for a person and up to 3.2 km for a tank, the operating temperature range of ELVIR is slightly smaller and ranges from -33° to +58°C. Meanwhile, ELVIR-MF, equipped with GPS, digital magnetic compass and x4.7 magnification lens, forms a multi-functional variant in the ELVIR family. This model recognizes a car at a range of 4.7 km and a person at 2.3 km.

Thales has extensive experience in both optoelectronics and several other defense areas. The European continent, however, is also home to several companies specializing exclusively in such products. One such company is the Belgian OIP Sensor Systems, which manufactures a range of thermal imaging surveillance systems. The company's product line includes the AGILIS device, operating in the 3-5 micron range, it has a built-in GPS and compass, an optional laser pointer and rangefinder. AGILIS uses a closed Stirling cooling system and operates at temperatures from -30°C to +55°C. Customers looking for remotely controlled thermal imaging equipment can choose OIP Sensor Systems' LEXIS Long-Range Intelligence and Surveillance System, which also includes a daytime camera and an eye-safe laser rangefinder. LEXIS is available with both cooled and uncooled sensors in the 3-5 or 8-12 micron range.

The portable thermal imaging device for surveillance CLOVIS is another item in the OIP Sensor Systems catalog. CLOVIS has a detection range of over 25 km and an identification range of 10 km for an aircraft-sized target. Like AGILIS, CLOVIS has a 3-5 micron resolution sensor with a closed Stirling device.

Another European leader in surveillance systems is the Norwegian company Simrad Optronics. The company's FOI2000 is modular and designed to equip forward observers; it can be supplemented with a digital camera, laser pointer and/or GPS. The FOI2000 is based on the same company's LP1OTL target location device and the FTI thermal imaging system from FLIR Systems. The left eyepiece lens of the LP1OTL displays a thermal image to the user, who “communicates” with the device using a software menu based on the Windows-CT operating system. In addition, the LP1OTL has a zoom function. A north-facing gyroscope and Vectronix's GONIOLIGHT digital goniometer perform target acquisition functions. It is also possible to connect the FOI2000 to a network, which will allow images and data to be transferred to other users.

The Swiss company Vectronix AG has carved out its niche as a leading supplier of advanced surveillance equipment. In particular, its GONIOLIGHT goniometer can be connected to a tactical network, external GPS, gyroscope or external power source. Vectronix makes the GONIOLIGHT in several variants that can be complemented with VECTOR binocular rangefinders, while the GONIOLIGHT TI is complemented with the MATIS HH thermal imaging camera from Sagem. In the GONIOLIGHT GTI model, this thermal imaging camera can be supplemented with a gyroscope. Alternatively, the GONIOLIGHT range can be equipped with thermal imaging cameras and laser rangefinders specified by the customer.

The UK is home to Qioptiq, which makes specialist thermal imaging surveillance systems for the Army. These products include the VIPIR-S uncooled thermal surveillance sight with x3 magnification. VIPIR-S can detect a person at a distance of 400–600 meters and weighs up to 700 grams. VIPIR-S operates in the 8-12 micron range and is powered by 4 AA batteries. The VIPIR-2S handheld thermal imaging surveillance device joins the company's lineup. The latest model has magnification up to x2.7, electronic zoom x2, and has an uncooled sensor. VIPIR-2S weighs 950 grams and like VIPIR-2 operates in the 8-12 micron range and is powered by 4 AA batteries.

The British company Innovative Sensor Development Ltd also produces thermal imaging systems along with sights and electro-optics for the driver. Surveillance products include the DACIC (Detailed and Contextual Imaging Camera), which operates in temperatures from -42°C to +45°C and weighs 6.5 kg including case.

SEESPOT-III

GONIOLIGHT Tl

Binoculars from Vectronix

Customers looking for handheld binocular rangefinders can choose the VECTOR family from Vectronix. These models gained extraordinary popularity and were sold to 17 NATO countries, not to mention the rest. VECTOR binoculars have a laser rangefinder and x7 magnification, as well as a built-in digital magnetic compass; The RS-232 wireless interface allows the user to easily transfer images to their colleagues over the network. In order to improve shooting accuracy, the VECTOR family of binoculars has a digital calculator that allows the user to compare the meeting point with the desired aiming point. For long-term stationary tasks, VECTOR binoculars can be mounted on a single support or tripod. In the VECTOR family, the VECTOR-IV model is designed for infantry units, and the VECTOR-21 model is intended for use as a specialized forward vision system. The latest model has the same thermal imaging characteristics as the VECTOR-IV Nite model.

The eye-safe MOSKITO laser rangefinder from Vectronix also has a binocular design and can measure vertical and horizontal angles. MOSKITO has x3 magnification for night time and x5 magnification for daytime work, and range measurements are performed at ranges up to 4 km. Along with these characteristics, another useful attribute of the MOSKITO model is the auto-strobe brightness enhancement function. It adapts the image depending on the lighting conditions. This is especially important in urban environments where light conditions change rapidly. When you think about leaving a dark room and going into bright sunlight and vice versa, you realize the impact it has on any vision. Although MOSKITO has a built-in GPS receiver, it can also be connected to an external GPS system if necessary. In addition to the VECTOR family and MOSKITO model, Vectronix also makes the BIG35 Night Binoculars for general forward surveillance operations.

Israel

Night vision systems of all types and generations are in service with the Israeli army, and over the past 25 years they have played an important role in all military operations. As a result, the Israeli defense industry is now a supplier of advanced systems ranging from soldier glasses to long-range surveillance systems combined with other sensors.

CORAL-CR developed by Elbit Systems Electrooptics El-Op is designed for medium-range surveillance; its tests were carried out in combat units of the Israeli army. According to the company, it is capable of marking and remembering 12-bit coordinates and transmitting them back. CORAL-CR is a lightweight thermal imaging surveillance system with a range of several kilometers, designed for infantry and reconnaissance units. The portable CORAL-CR is designed for simple operations.

In 2008, El-Op was selected to supply its MARS systems to the Israeli Army. This handheld thermal imaging target detection system uses uncooled sensor technology. The system includes a laser rangefinder, GPS, compass, day channel and recording system.

The company has now developed the HELIOS system, which is advertised as the “Rolls-Royce of thermal imagers.” HELIOS is mounted on a tripod and has a system combining a cooled thermal sensor, color and panchromatic cameras, laser rangefinder, GPS and compass. The company also produces video data acquisition systems that will collect data from different sensors into a single image.

ITL's target clientele is mainly ground forces such as infantry, snipers, reconnaissance and special forces. Portable, rugged, and low-energy, modern infantry systems allow you to operate effectively in harsh combat conditions without imposing physical and psychological stress on the soldier. These systems range from individual modular models to entire combat systems optimized for precision operations.

ITL recently launched a family of very lightweight, high-performance, uncooled thermal handheld models, weapons sights and surveillance systems under the COYOTE designation. COYOTE uses core common components based on a unique energy-saving sensor that can be combined with different lenses and customized to customer requirements.

COYOTE optics are adapted for infantry or civilian patrol use. This was achieved by adding a wide field of view, manually adjustable focus, weapon adapter, tripod mount, laser pointer and remote control cable according to operational need. The device is available in a variety of focal lengths (20mm, 45mm), as well as user-installable optional multipliers and enlargers.

ITL is also developing a line of cooled thermal imaging systems. One of these HARRIER systems was recently selected by the Indian Army.

A good example of ITL's ability to package multiple capabilities into one binocular system is the EXPLORER lightweight, multi-sensor, binocular 24/7 surveillance and target acquisition system. This rugged all-in-one system combines a 3rd generation thermal imager with an eye-safe laser rangefinder with a range of up to 15 km, a high-resolution day camera, built-in laser rangefinder, built-in GPS (Code C/A), 12 channels), digital compass (degrees or miles, 1° RMS accuracy) and inclinometer (±60°). The system has continuous magnification or three fields of view. EXPLORER can be hand-held, mounted on a tripod or on a panoramic head, and controlled remotely based on operational needs. ITL says EXPLORER provides superior, high-performance surveillance, detection, identification and target tracking capabilities.

CORAL-LS plus LDR

ITL EXPLORER

Controp has recently released the new FOX 1400mm thermal imaging camera. This new model joins the FOX family of well-known and globally distributed thermal imagers. The new FOX camera has a 1400mm lens with x35 continuous zoom. It provides surveillance and tracking of targets at “ultra-long” distances. The FOX 1400mm has already been delivered to several customers as part of a long-range surveillance system for coastal defense and surveillance. The family of thermal imaging cameras, which includes the FOX 250, FOX 450, and FOX 720, has characteristics that the company says set them apart from other thermal imaging cameras.

Continuous FOX magnification provides a smooth transition between fields of view for observing, tracking, and then identifying a target in close-up. In addition, advanced image processing algorithms create a high-quality picture, even if there is a thermal spot in the image (explosion, fire, etc.). Local automatic gain control ensures that fine details in the image are clearly visible despite the extreme difference in the picture in the observed area and shadow areas. FOX cameras are available in three different magnifications: x12.5, x22.5 and x36. This allows them to be flexibly configured for any day or night requirement, whether for land-based national security programs, aerial surveillance and reconnaissance, or maritime applications. In addition, FOX cameras can interface with most existing radar, warning systems or other C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) systems as needed for maximum security. This camera is small in size, lightweight and available with or without a case so it can be incorporated into existing equipment or used as a standalone system.

Controp's Local Automatic Gain Control feature

USA

The American company FLIR Systems has worked with Simrad (see above) on combat surveillance equipment and also produces a line of its own devices. The company's RANGER-HRC system consists of a cooled thermal imager with x12.5 magnification operating in the 3-5 micron range. Meanwhile, the color camera has three fields of view: standard, long-range and ultra-long-range. In addition, buyers can choose a laser rangefinder with a range of up to 20 km. The RANGER-II/III model has two fields of view.

Unlike the RANGER family, the THERMOVISION 2000/3000 thermal imager from FLIR Systems has three fields of view and a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) 320x240 in the case of THERMOVISION 2000, and QWIP 640x480 for the THERMOVISION 3000 model. The company's line of surveillance models FLIR is really big, there is also THERMOVISION Sentry II with x12 continuous zoom and a daytime camera.

For general surveillance, FLIR Systems makes several thermal imaging binoculars, such as the MILCAM RECON III Lite (also known as AN/PAS-26 in US military) which includes a 640x480 VOx microbolometer, laser pointer and color channel. MILCAM RECON III operates in the range of 8-12 microns. Weighing 2.5 kg, these binoculars can be handheld or mounted on a tripod. The MILCAM RECON III is joined by the LOCALIR model, which adds a laser rangefinder and digital compass with 0.3 mil accuracy plus GPS and an optional laser pointer. LOCALIR operates in the 3-5 and 8-12 micron range and has a light weight of less than 3 kg.

The MILCAM RECON III OBSERVER is also marketed as AN/PAS-24 and has similar features to the previous model and an optional laser pointer. FLIR Systems created this model for highly mobile surveillance applications; Users who require extremely low weight have the option of choosing MILCAM RECON III ULTRALITE from FLIR System. The device has x2 and x4 digital zoom plus a 640x480 Vox microbolometer, weighs less than 1.7 kg, operates in the 8-12 micron range, and has a battery life of four hours.

Like many of the models reviewed in this article, the RECON handheld thermal imager from FLIR Systems is lightweight and operates in the 3-5 micron range at long range. It can be used for border surveillance, national security, intelligence and surveillance missions. RECON can detect vehicles at a distance of 1 km. All sensor devices are installed in a housing weighing 3.2 kg, including a battery with an operating time of about 2.5 hours. Another useful feature of the RECON camera is that it can be used in handheld mode or connected to a computer for remote control operations. In addition, for customers who require a model that operates in the 1.06, 4.5 and 4.8 micron ranges, FLIR Systems makes the SEASPOT-III handheld thermal imager weighing 2.4 kg.

Thermal imaging surveillance systems are also a specialty of the American company DRS Technologies. In particular, the company produces a hand-held device under the designation MX-2 A1110 Rugged Thermal Imager. DRS Technologies designed this model as a versatile system that can be used for reconnaissance and battlefield surveillance, operating in the 8-12 micron range, and equipped with a detachable eyepiece for remote operation. The thermal imager runs on 4 AA batteries and the rubberized and non-reflective coating ensures it is highly durable while reducing visibility.

Nivisys produces a line of optical products for military and law enforcement applications, including weapon sights and night vision goggles. Since combat thermal imagers are discussed here, it is worth mentioning the company's TAM-14 Thermal Acquisition Monocular. This universal device can be used in manual mode, it is attached to a helmet or weapon. TAM-14 has a x2 zoom, weighs only 640 grams, and is built on an uncooled sensor with a range of 7–14 microns. Other Nivisys products include the PHX-7 thermal imaging binocular, which operates in the same spectral band as the TAM-14. It also uses uncooled sensor technology, as in the UTAM-32 Universal Thermal Acquisition Monocular, which, as they say in. Like the TAM-14, the UTAM-32 can operate in a variety of configurations: hand-held, weapon-mounted, or helmet-mounted.

American Technologies Network, Corp. (ATN) produces a wide line of thermal imagers, the OTIS-14 and OTIS-17 universal systems, the THOR and RENEGADE series of weapon sights and the THERMAL EYE series of hand-held devices. The FIITS series of image fusion systems combines a thermal imaging camera and an intensifier.

ITT Night Vision & Imaging is a well-known supplier of night-time image intensifiers to many allied and friendly countries. DSNVG's latest model is billed as the first night vision goggle to combine image brightness enhancement and thermal image overlay in a compact package.

ATN NIGHT SHADOW

IZLID-1000

Canada

Beyond the 49th parallel, the Canadian General Starlight Company produces a range of versatile thermal imaging systems for battlefield surveillance. These include the TIM-14 Thermal Imaging Multipurpose Monocular, which has x2 digital zoom and multiple detection ranges depending on the lens size installed in the model. For a 22 mm lens, a person can be detected at a distance of 475 meters and a car at 800 meters, respectively, for a 16 mm lens the ranges are 305 meters and 550 meters, for an 8.5 mm lens the ranges are 170 meters and 300 meters. The uncooled TIM-14 can operate for up to 4 hours without interruption, and can optionally be attached to a helmet or weapon. The TIM-14 monocular joins the TIM-28, which operates in the 8-12 micron range and is capable of detecting a person at a distance of 1 km and a car at a distance of 1.5 km. TIM-28 can work up to 6 hours in a row, and its weight is only 800 grams.

Canada is also home to Newcon Optik, which offers a line of night vision devices, laser rangefinders, image stabilization and image enhancement devices. Of particular interest for this article are the TVS-7B and SENTINEL thermal imaging systems. The first model is a pair of glasses that can detect a person at 475 meters and a car at 900 meters using an uncooled sensor. With just one set of batteries, the TVS-7B can operate for up to 5 hours and weighs 450 grams. Meanwhile, Newcon Optik's SENTINEL thermal imaging binoculars have very long detection ranges, up to 1 km for a model with a 57 mm lens and 2.5 km for a 115 mm lens. Detection and identification ranges for a tank-sized target are 3,000 meters and 6,000 meters for the 57mm lens and 4,000 meters and 8,000 meters for the 115mm lens. Both SENTINEL variants can operate for up to 8 hours without interruption at temperatures from -30°C to +55°C.

ITT and night vision

In the field of thermal imaging, ITT Corporation is one of the world leaders among developers, manufacturers and suppliers of helmet-mounted and head-mounted thermal imaging solutions based on a different technology than that described in the main article, namely image brightness enhancement. Its systems are widely used by American and allied forces, as well as national security forces.

The company received a $19.3 million contract from the Intelligence and Surveillance Research Center to supply AN/PVS-14 monocular devices, the most popular and used night vision goggles. 80% of these points are intended for expeditionary forces, the remaining amount for the navy and army. “We are pleased to support all branches of the U.S. military with our premier night vision goggles,” said ITT Night Vision Division President Mike Hayman. “This contract allows ITT to continue developing better technology to help the American soldier master the night.”

The AN/PVS-14 is a lightweight, reliable, high-performance thermal imaging monocular that provides improved resolution for improved mobility and target identification. These rugged devices can be handheld, mounted to a helmet or camera, or attached to a weapon. The AN/PVS-14 runs on a single AA battery and uses ITT's patented PINNACLE Generation 3 film image intensifier. The Gen 3 PINNACLE tube can collect and amplify available light output by more than 10 times that of the previous generation.

Conclusion

The experience of forward observers in today's wars will have a major influence on the design criteria of forward observation products used in tomorrow's conflicts. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were very instructive in showing that forward observers operating on the ground require ever greater ranges to detect and identify targets. This is combined with the desire for next-generation systems to have even more impressive image clarity and improved means of sharing images with other users. More and more advanced systems are needed, and companies producing these devices will be forced to solve a serious problem - creating models with increased capabilities while maintaining the weight of the devices, or even reducing it.

Materials used: www.monch.com www.sagem.com www.jenoptik.com www.thalesgroup.com www.vectronix.com www.elbitsystems.com www.itlasers.co.il www.flir.com www.exelisinc.com www.controp.com www.nvoptics.com www.itt.com