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General classification and purpose

Today, the type of car body determines many of its formal qualities and characteristics: dimensions, cost, consumer qualities, intended sales market and much more. They can be classified according to the degree of workload, layout, design, and purpose.

1949 Ferrari 166 MM Barchetta

For example, passenger cars have cargo-passenger or passenger bodies of frameless or frame assembly. According to the layout, the classification of cars by body type is as follows: three-volume, two-volume and single-volume, when passengers with cargo and the power unit are located in one or several spatial areas.

Some types of passenger cars in all countries have the same name, some are called differently. Next, the most common of them will be discussed, indicating their distinctive characteristics.

Small class of passenger cars (B-class)

By and large, the small class is in many ways similar to the A segment. And yet, the B-class car is more comfortable, more spacious, the length of the car can reach 4.2 m. The power of the vehicles is noticeably higher, but on the other hand, due to larger engine capacity (from 1.2 to 1.6 l), fuel consumption is slightly higher.

Cars in this segment are designed for frequent trips both around the city and on the highway. Often B-class is chosen by girls. However, the cars are quite suitable for a small family of three or four people.

B-class representatives:

• Kia Rio;
• Ford Fiesta;
• Renault Sandero;
• Peugeot 206.

Modern B class cars are not inferior in their configuration to the higher C-segment.

Given that there is no single system, classes may vary from country to country. As for Russia, the European classification of cars by class is used here. This system is based on division by size.

Car class A

Car class A is represented by models of the most compact dimensions: a length not exceeding 3.6 m and a width of less than 1520 mm. Given the small size, a three-door design is mostly used. Such cars are quite widespread, especially among women, as they are very convenient to drive on roads filled with cars.

As for the technical characteristics, including driving performance, this option is quite mediocre, and the cost of maintenance is practically not inferior to its large-sized brothers. The advantage is noticeably lower gasoline consumption. Examples of such cars are:

• Oka;
• Citroen C1;
• Matiz;
• Kia Picanto;
• Peugeot 106;
• Ford KA;
• Peugeot 107;
• Chery QQ6;
• Chery Kimo.
• Chevrolet Spark;

Car class B

Car class B is represented by slightly larger models than in the previous class. The length of such cars ranges from 3.5 to 4 m. There are both low-power and medium-power models. This class also includes cars with front-wheel drive, they have a three-door body type, but there are also five-door versions.

Today, this class has somewhat expanded its range, presenting a versatile and roomy type of car, despite its small dimensions. Class B models are convenient for city trips and have technical and driving characteristics slightly above average.

• Citroen C3;
• Peugeot 1007;
• Ford Fiesta;
• Renault Modus;
• Nissan Micra;
• Peugeot 206;
• Mitsubishi Colt;
• Kia Rio New;
• Honda Jazz;
• Ford Fusion;
• Nissan Note.

Car class C

Car class C is also represented in the passenger car classification. Models of cars of this class are very widespread; we can even say that this is the most popular car of medium size and fairly high driving characteristics. The length ranges from 3.9 to 4.4 m, and the width reaches 1.75 m. Despite some compactness, such cars are roomy. Examples are the following models:

• Citroen C4;
• Ford Focus;
• Kia Cerato;
• Suzuki Liana;
• Opel Astra;
• Daewoo Nexia
• Hyundai: Elantra, Sonata, Matrix;
• Skoda Octavia;
• Opel Astra
• Chevrolet Lacetti;
• Toyota Corolla.
• Peugeot 307;
• Audi A3
• Mercedes-Benz A-class

Car class D

Car class D is the next in classification. The dimensions of these cars are already noticeably larger than those of their previous brothers. Thus, the maximum length reaches 4.7 m, and the width ranges from 1.7 to 1.8 m. Such models belong to the middle class.

DETAILS: Coating a car with liquid glass

Class D cars are spacious and suitable for traveling in a group of five people and with luggage. Common body types: sedan, hatchback, UPV, and station wagon. As for the cost, the choice here is wide, from affordable cars to luxury cars. Prominent representatives of this class are:

• Toyota Avensis;
• Alfa Romeo 159;
• Chevrolet Epica;
• Subaru Legacy
• Chrysler Sebring;
• Honda Accord
• Citroen C5;
• Kia Magentis;
• Honda Accord;
• Opel Vectra;
• Opel Signum;
• Toyota Avensis;
• Volvo S40 and S60.
• Daewoo Nubira
• Skoda Superb
• Skoda Octavia;

Car class E

Car class E. Here there is some difference in the classification of European and domestic. Thus, the Russian automobile market presents models belonging to this class as consumer ones. Europe classifies such cars as upper middle class.

The dimensions of class E cars are: length exceeds 4.6 m, width – up to 1.7 m. Thanks to these dimensions, these cars are very spacious, however, there is not always a need for such a large car, given its high cost.

• GAZ 31105 (in terms of size and power);
• BMW 5 Series;
• Audi A6;
• Citroen C6;
• KIA Opirus;
• Jaguar S-Type;
• Lexus GS 450h;
• Volvo S80.
• Mitsubishi Galant;
• Renault Vel Satis.
• Honda Legend;

Vehicle class F

The F class of cars is represented by top-class models, which are designed for a narrow circle of consumers. Accordingly, the characteristics of such cars are the best, with high power and increased comfort. The body type used in F class models is exclusively a sedan.

The next class according to the classification is a minivan and a high-capacity station wagon (UCV). The purpose of models of this class implies their use by a large family, for long trips by a group of up to eight people. The rear seats conveniently transform into a luggage compartment.

The next step in the classification of passenger cars by class is SUVs. Such cars have become quite widespread due to their endurance on difficult sections of roads, which is very important in Russia, given the not always high-quality road surface. This option is also great for long trips outside the city. This is ensured by a reinforced suspension.

SUVs are very roomy and can carry up to 9 people. The body type can be 3- or 5-door. This class has its own classification and is divided into three types of cars: small, medium and large. Speaking of cost, it should be noted that the range of machines of this kind is quite wide and the price also varies. But the vast majority of SUVs come with a high price tag for the majority of the population.

Coupe class. This includes cars with a coupe body type. This is the most impractical technique due to its small capacity and low level of comfort. Thus, the car has a low seating position, and a rather stiff suspension creates a zone of increased sensitivity in the cabin due to the fact that passengers feel all the unevenness and bumps of the road surface.

But almost all coupe models have a very impressive sporty appearance, so they are also in good demand. Examples of such models are the Audi TT Coupe, BMW Coupe 3 Series, Mercedes-Benz CLK, Peugeot 406 Coupe, Jaguar XK8 Coupe.

And finally, the open-body class, which includes convertibles and spiders. Such cars are not suitable for every region of Russia, given the mostly harsh climate. In addition, the inflated cost allows these models to be purchased only by a narrow circle of buyers. Therefore, you rarely see convertible cars on the roads.

Sedan

One of the most common types around the world is the sedan. It is a three-volume type with four doors (models with two doors are less common) and two rows of seats. Such cars are equipped with a special hard roof, the level of which does not change along the length.

BMW M5 sedan

The executive class sedan, distinguished by its extended wheelbase, can be distinguished into a separate group. As a rule, the name of such a car contains the letter “L”, which stands for LONG (long).

In Italy the sedan is called Berlina, in England - Saloon, in France it also has its own name.

2015-04-27 Classification of cars by body type

Types of transport by body type

A car with a one-volume body. This is a connected passenger compartment with luggage compartment and space for the engine; A car with a two-volume body. It consists of two compartments: the luggage compartment or engine space is combined with the passenger compartment (luggage or engine); A car with a three-volume body. It consists of three compartments: the luggage compartment or place for the engine is combined with the passenger compartment and the trunk (place for the engine); The salon is the interior of the car.

Body types

• convertible _ The name of the body comes from the French word “cabriolet”. Initially it was a light one-horse carriage on two wheels. After 1930, the body began to be used for walking and the top began to open. The body can have any shape. Convertibles cannot have a car with a built-in sunroof or a removable hardtop. On the first versions of the cars, the rear seat reclined back. The concept of “convertible” refers more to Central Europe and is very similar to “roadster”. In Italy there is another word used for convertible - "Barchetta".
• coupe _ The name comes from the French word "couper". This is a closed sports body. Number of doors – two. The concept of “coupe” is very similar to a two-door sedan. But it's not the same thing. Coupe is a sports car. The coupe differs from the three-dimensional hatchback by the presence of a partition separating the interior from the trunk. An important feature of the coupe is its fashionable appearance and great pleasure on the road.
• crossover _ The concept of “crossover” means the combination of bodies or their mutation. A striking example is the modification of a six-seater station wagon body into a four-seater sedan. However, the term “crossover” most often refers to versatile machines with many functions. In America they are called multi-activity cruiser or “universal wanderer”. Porsche Cayenne, Nissan Murano, Infiniti FX, etc. can be considered as clear representatives of the crossover type. As you can see, today many automakers are pursuing the goal of combining the properties of SUVs (station wagons) with the convenience of modern sedans.
• limousine _ The name of the body comes from the German word “limousine”. This is an executive car that has a partition separating the first seat from the others. But earlier in Germany, sedans themselves were classified as limousines, since the first such cars were called “self-driving limousines.”
• minivan _ This is a station wagon with increased capacity and a short hood. Such a car has a single-volume body that combines the properties of a passenger vehicle and a minibus. A minivan has a higher body than a station wagon. The car has three rows of passenger seats. There are different variations of minivans.
• pickup . The name of the body comes from the English word “pick up”. This body is typical for utility vehicles with an open platform. The cab of a pickup truck can accommodate either one person or several. The crew cab is very common on cars made in the USA and Japan. Typically, a pickup truck has all-wheel drive.
• roadster - a body in open semi-sports cars for two people. Sometimes there are seats in the back for children. The roof of the roadster folds into a compartment behind the seat or into the luggage compartment. A large number of varieties of this concept have led to greater similarity with “convertible” and “convertible”. It is now becoming difficult to tell the difference between these bodies, as many of the models look nothing like the early roadsters.
• sedan _ Today, the “standard three-volume” is the most popular body type, which has four doors. The trunk is completely separated from the interior space. The sedan has earned a reputation as the most comfortable and elite body style after the limousine. Car manufacturers in France and Italy came up with their own name for the sedan - “berlina”, and in England the term “saloon” is common.
• station wagon It implies the presence of a salon and a luggage compartment with a rear door under one roof. A station wagon is usually classified as a cargo-passenger transport. Basically, in early versions of cars, all seats can be folded. There are other terms that mean station wagon: “combi”, “wagon” and “touring” (applies only to BMW).
• fastback . This is the body of a car in which there are two or four doors, and the roof falls back very gently. The luggage compartment is isolated from the passenger compartment.
• hatchback _ The name of the body comes from the English word “hatch-back”. These are very comfortable and convenient cars that have three or five doors. The hatchback has a rear door. This body is an intermediate link between a sedan and a station wagon with an odd number of doors. The hatchback ranks second in popularity after sedans. The wide door at the back of the car is great for transporting large items. In general, various cars can be classified as hatchbacks. But basically this concept refers to compact economy class cars.
• SUV (Sport utility vehicle) is an off-road vehicle with high ground clearance. The most common version is all-wheel drive. There is a door at the back of the car. Often such cars are called jeeps. In fact, a Jeep is a brand of American vehicle produced for the country's military needs.

Hatchback

The second most common body type is a hatchback. It is a closed passenger subtype, equipped with five or three doors leading into the cabin and two rows of seats. Hatchbacks have one distinctive feature - the presence of a fifth rear door, which acts as a trunk lid and holds the rear window.

A hatchback is a kind of intermediate body type between a station wagon and a sedan (it is less bulky than a station wagon and more compact than a sedan). The design of this vehicle allows it to be easily converted into a cargo-passenger transport. To do this, you just need to fold down the rear row of seats and remove the rear parcel shelf covering the luggage compartment.

Chevrolet Cruze hatchback

There is also a separate type of hatchback, in which the back cover has a more visible bend and in appearance this car is more reminiscent of a sedan. In the United States, this type even has its own name - notchback or notchback.

Double volume

Two-volume body types of passenger cars are hatchback, station wagon, crossover and SUV. They are characterized by compact dimensions and spacious trunks, as well as the absence of a protruding trunk. It opens using a lid along with glass, which is considered another door.

Station wagon

This body is characterized by the presence of three or five doors, two rows of seats and a constant roof level. It differs from the hatchback in the length and angle of the rear door glass. Usually it is the manufacturers who decide how to position the released model.

From a passenger station wagon it can turn into a utility vehicle. To do this, you simply need to fold down the rear passenger seats. A car with such a body costs more than a sedan. The station wagon was first produced in 1928. One fifth of all cars with this body are manufactured in America.

The main advantage of a station wagon is its large trunk volume!

Hatchback

The rear door of this body type is inclined at a slight angle along with the glass. Hatchbacks are the most popular among Europeans. Today you can find a car of any class with this type of body. It is more compact than a sedan and not as bulky as a station wagon.

Additional cargo space can be obtained by removing the shelf that covers the trunk and folding the rear seats.

In fact, a hatchback is a great option for a car that can carry cargo and still look quite respectable. It is small and functional, and what else is required from a good car.

Liftback

This type includes cars in which the trunk lid is equipped with a small protrusion and opens with the rear window. This allows the body to be similar to a sedan, which increases sales of the model.

SUV

This body is equipped with five or six large doors, one or two of which are rear. The car has two or three rows of seats. In fact, this is a station wagon, which is distinguished by the presence of all-wheel drive, large overall dimensions, and high ground clearance. With an SUV you can easily navigate any off-road terrain.

Crossover

This type of closed car body differs from an SUV in its ground clearance and compactness. Crossovers are increasingly popular among urban citizens, as they allow them to move on our poor-quality road surfaces with the least loss.

Station wagon

The third, most common type of car body is a station wagon. It is a closed two-volume passenger car, which is characterized by two rows of seats, three or five doors, and a constant roof level throughout the entire cabin.

At its core, a station wagon is very similar to a hatchback, but their main difference is the length and, accordingly, capacity. The rear door also houses the rear window.

Audi RS4

However, a car that fits this description is not always positioned by manufacturers as a “station wagon.” Sometimes they come up with their own names. Station wagons are also called differently in different countries. For example, in France they are called Break, in England - Estate car, in Portugal - Carrinha, in Germany - Kombi, in Italy - Giadinetta.

In the USA, there is a type of station wagon, which is a two-door passenger car that does not have side or rear windows - it is called Sedan delivery.

Closed bodies:

Sedan: the leader in prevalence in the world of automobile bodies, this body can be with two or four doors, sometimes a sedan can have five doors (including the trunk). The sedan body is equipped with two rows of full-size seats, without a rear door. Sedans have a subtype of two-door sedan (Tudor), which differs from the coupe body by the presence of two rows of full rows of seats and a standard four-door sedan base.

Hardtop: a design option for many types of bodies, for example, sedan, coupe, station wagon. The main distinguishing feature is the absence of a central pillar and glass frames.

Station wagon: a cargo-passenger two-volume body, with five doors or less often with a three-door design, the body is made on the basis of a sedan with an additional door in the rear, the rear overhang is longer than that of a sedan or the same.

Hatchback: this two-volume cargo-passenger body is a relative of the station wagon, with three or five doors. The characteristic difference is the shorter length of the rear overhang, resulting in lower load capacity.

Coupe: a three-volume two-door body, with a clearly defined sporty silhouette, with one row of seats, or with rear seats, but less spacious. There are luxury versions of this body, in which the level of comfort is increased for both rear and front passengers.

Limousine: a closed-type passenger car body, considered the highest class, made on the basis of a sedan body. The wheelbase is extended and there is a partition behind the front seat. Do not confuse a limousine body with a long-wheelbase sedan without a partition.

Minibus: this is a particularly small class bus, with more than 8 seats, a small diameter of wheels and a cabin height, up to 5 meters long.

Minivan: this body can be made in single-volume and double-volume versions. In Russia, minivans have another name - a high-capacity station wagon.

Town car: a body with an increased roof height.

Combi: a two-volume body with a rear door, designed for transporting cargo and passengers. In Germany, the word combi is used for any car that has a door in the rear.

Liftback: Same as a hatchback, but with a longer rear overhang (like a sedan). It can have two or three volumes.

Fastback: the body combines several types of bodies; the main feature is the shape of the roof, which has a sloping silhouette that smoothly turns into the trunk lid.

Coupe

A coupe is a type of car that many consider to be a derivative of a sedan, since they are very similar in appearance. It is a closed passenger three-volume type, which is equipped with one or two rows of seats and two doors. Unlike the coupe, the doors are a little more massive, the rear seats are narrower, and the roof has a sloping view towards the rear, thanks to which the car takes on a sporty look.

Nissan 350Z

Hardtop coupe is often included in a separate category - cars in which the front and rear side windows do not have pillars between them. When they are lowered, an open space is created.

You will learn how to use the automatic transmission in our material.

Cabriolet

A ragtop or convertible is an open three-box passenger type equipped with a folding hard or soft fabric roof that allows the car to be driven in closed or open mode. The convertible, whose roof can be completely removed, is called Spider.

BMW Z4 Roadster

One of the varieties of a convertible is a roadster, equipped with a soft folding roof and having a shortened body base. Essentially, this is a sports two-seater car.

SUV

An SUV, popularly also called a jeep, is also a closed type vehicle, equipped with five or six doors, two or three rows of passenger seats. The distinctive features of an SUV from other types of passenger cars are its size, increased ground clearance, lower gears, all-wheel drive - all this allows it to move over difficult terrain.

In essence, an SUV is an all-terrain station wagon. Some models have a frame unloaded body, like a van or pickup truck.

A crossover is a type of SUV, but unlike the latter, it is compact, the supporting structure is the body, and the ground clearance is reduced. As a rule, a crossover is built on the basis of a golf class.

SUVs are a special class of cars

Don't forget about another important class of car, which could become one of the most popular in the world in the next few years. This vehicle is respected in the USA and Russia; people enjoy driving it in China, which makes different types of SUVs one of the most popular classes of cars. But even among SUVs there are different types of bodies.

• An SUV
  is a car with the characteristics of a conventional passenger vehicle, but with the design of a compact SUV. It often has increased ground clearance and may have all-wheel drive, but is not ready to deal with off-road conditions (Renault Duster).
• A crossover
  is another type of urban transport, but with greater cross-country ability. Crossovers often have all-wheel drive systems, differential locks, and other off-road features. This class is an order of magnitude larger than the previous one (Nissan X-Trail).
• Full-size SUVs
  are often luxury vehicles that offer enormous, generous space for driver and passengers. Such cars often become official transport for high-ranking officials and owners of large companies (Infiniti QX80).
• A small SUV
  is a passable vehicle, in which the emphasis is not on design, but on functionality and the ability to pass various obstacles. These cars are bought by lovers of real off-road vehicles (Jeep Wrangler).
• A pickup truck
  is a vehicle that simultaneously performs the functions of passenger and cargo transport. The passenger cabin can have two or five seats, and the body is often connected to the cabin and is of an open or closed type. Modern pickup trucks have become part of the SUV world (Toyota Hilux).

As you can see, in the world of SUVs, a sufficient number of classes and types of cars await the buyer. When choosing a cross-country vehicle, today you can easily obtain the necessary criteria, because there are a huge number of representatives of each class from different manufacturers. For a clearer understanding of the difference between different classes of SUVs, we suggest watching a video with a test of different bodies from the same manufacturer:

Limousine

A limousine is a closed three-volume body type, equipped with several rows of seats and three or four doors. Sometimes it acts as an extended version of an SUV or sedan, sometimes as a separate type.

Mercedes S600 limousine

A distinctive feature of most limousines is the presence of a glass partition that separates the passenger seats from the front row - the driver's. This type has an extended body base.

Single-volume

The classification of cars by body type also includes single-volume bodies. These include minivans, microvans and compact vans.

Minivan

It is characterized by three rows of seats and large overall dimensions. Very often they are equipped with sliding side doors. They were first produced in the 80s. They are considered very popular among European and American family men.

Microvan

An enlarged copy of a hatchback with a spacious interior. It does not have a third row of passenger seats. Cars with this body will soon be driving quite often on our roads.

Compact van

Something between a minivan and a microvan. Can be equipped with a third row of seats. A compact van looks neater than a minivan. It began to be produced in the mid-90s.

Minivan

A minivan or UPV (high-capacity station wagon) is a closed single-volume subtype, equipped with three or four rows of seats. The European name for this car is People carrier, which literally means carrier of people.

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A minibus is a minivan designed on the basis of a van. It has a larger capacity (capable of carrying up to 16 people) and larger dimensions. Passengers board such vehicles through a door located on the side.