Escape button - what is it for, how is it used? Examples, keyboard shortcuts
Any standard modern keyboard is adapted for the English language. The type of such keyboards is called PC/AT . The arrangement of the keys on them follows a single generally accepted scheme, and is mainly intended for English-speaking users.
On average, such a device has about 102 different keys , but on specialized keyboards, such as gaming keyboards, there are additional buttons. Among them there are specialized keys that are responsible for working with the system. Among them there is the ESC key, which we will talk about today.
ESC is an abbreviation for the English word ESCAPE and is responsible for canceling an operation or returning to the previous state of the system. This can be either minimizing the window or exiting a running application or open program, if this option is allowed by the program itself.
Most often located at the top left of the keyboard, it has a square appearance. Some companies produce models in which the ESC is located at a sufficient distance from other keys , thereby preventing the button from being hit by mistake.
Functional
- Exits an open application and then returns to the desktop.
- Minimize an open application.
- Cancels the operation currently in progress.
- Access folders and lists that are higher up in the hierarchy.
- Undo the last character entered in Word Excel.
- Undoes the last change made.
- Cancel selection.
Hotkeys
Hot keys are various combinations of keys on the keyboard that can make a user's life much easier by quickly calling up the necessary program functions, the search and opening of which will take a lot of time and nerves.
There are several combinations with the ESC key that will help the user to call up the desired system functionality in the shortest possible time.
- CONTRL+ESCAPE+WIN
- Opens start
- CONTROL+SHIFT+ESCAPE
- Calls up the task manager. Also, its analogue is everyone’s favorite CTRL+ALT+DELETE
- ALT+ESCAPE
- Transition between windows in running order. Executed in a loop
- WIN+ESCAPE
- Closing Magnifier
Replacing a key
As you can see, the ESCAPE key plays a vital role in any modern PC/AT keyboard. The location of this button can be changed. This is especially necessary on laptops, since if the ESC breaks, it will be very problematic and sometimes impossible to replace it.
Replacement is carried out using a variety of software, which can be downloaded from any website or, if you prefer licensed products, purchased at any store.
Changing the assignment of a key is done using a program where you can set the parameters you need and put ESC in any place convenient for you.
Then you can either leave the ESC key in place and use another one (simply irreplaceable in case of a breakdown or if you need the button to be in a place convenient for you), or remove the key itself and swap it with the key where ESC was assigned.
Such manipulations with rearranging the keys can be of great help to programmers and people who simply find the ESC location not convenient enough.
Volkswagen showed the new Golf R
Aug 22, 2013 |
Group news | Evgeny Zenkov | Discuss 2013 is the year of the VW Golf. In the first six months of 2013 we have already seen the debut of the new Golf GTI, Golf GTD and Golf TDI BlueMotion. Now Volkswagen continues its Golf offensive with the flagship of the range - the new Golf R.
This sports car is equipped with a 2-liter TSI turbo engine producing 300 hp. (221 kW), which is 30 hp. more than the previous generation Golf R. But at the same time, the new engine will be 18 percent more economical than the previous model!
Like all previous generations of the Golf R, it is equipped with permanent all-wheel drive; the new model has the latest version of 4MOTION with a fifth-generation Haldex clutch.
The high dynamic characteristics of the Golf R were achieved through a new sports suspension configuration (the ground clearance decreased by 20 mm), a progressive control system appeared, and the “ESC Sport” mode allows you to completely disable electronic assistants for driving on racing tracks.
The new Golf R with a manual gearbox reaches 100 km/h in 5.1 s (5.7 s for the previous model), but with the DSG-6 automatic transmission it takes just 4.9 s. The maximum speed is electronically limited to 250 km/h. Fuel consumption with a manual transmission is 7.1 liters per 100 km (8.5 liters per 100 km for the previous model). The use of DSG-6 allows you to further reduce the hatchback's appetite - up to 6.9 liters per 100 km.
The interior of the Golf R underlines its position as the flagship of the Golf model range: sports seats, a leather three-spoke sports steering wheel, climate control and many extras. options. The hatchback's interior features 18-inch alloy wheels, bi-xenon headlights, LED daytime running lights, and dark red LED taillights.
High-tech turbocharged engine
Volkswagen is working on further development of the EA888 series engine. The new engine has undergone significant changes to increase power and reduce fuel consumption and emissions: changes affected the cylinder heads, pistons, valves and turbocharger. In the new engines, Volkswagen designers increased power to 300 hp. (221 kW), creating one of the most powerful four-cylinder engines. The maximum torque increased by 30 Nm to 380 Nm, which became available in a wide speed range - from 1800 to 5500 rpm.
Four-wheel drive
Permanent all-wheel drive 4MOTION has always been a distinctive feature of the Golf R. According to Volkswagen, the updated model also has permanent all-wheel drive, but this is not entirely true. When under light load or when coasting, the Golf R is a front-wheel drive vehicle. This is done in order to save fuel. However, if necessary, the transfer of torque to the rear axle takes a fraction of a second. Among the improvements to the Golf R is a new electronic stability control system (four-wheel EDS).
XDS+ system
The XDS+ system and electronic differentials installed on the front and rear axles allow you to corner at fairly high speeds without the car drifting off the line. From a technical point of view, XDS+ is a functional extension of electronic differential locks. When the vehicle is cornering at high speeds, the electronics monitor for excessive wheel loads on the inside of the corner, and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) activates the braking system to apply the brakes to the correct wheels. XDS+ acts as a lateral differential lock that compensates for understeer during tight turns. The model is also equipped with reinforced brakes.
ESC Sport system
The Golf R is equipped with the "ESC Sport" function as standard. This function has 2 modes, switching between them is carried out using a special button on the center console. When you quickly press this button, the ESC switches to “sport” mode: the ESC system does not turn off completely, but reacts with a slight delay, which is very convenient when driving quickly with a lot of turns. If the ESC button is held for more than 3 seconds, the stability control system is completely disabled - suitable for professional racing driving.
Head device
The Golf R can be equipped with a choice of several head units: a choice of a sound system or a radio-navigation system will be offered. All systems are equipped with 5-inch, 5.8-inch or 8-inch touchscreens. The display screen is equipped with sensors: by sliding your finger next to the screen, the system automatically switches from display mode to data input mode.
The new Golf R will be available in 3- and 5-door versions, and it will be possible to order it in Europe in the 4th quarter of 2013 at a price of 38,325 euros.
Aug 22, 2013 | Group news | Evgeny Zenkov | Discuss
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What does "Esc" mean?
“Escape” literally translates from English as “to run away” or “to escape.” In Russian it is pronounced as "Escape". Distinctive features:
- on most devices it is located separately from the rest, in the upper left corner;
- computer component manufacturers have deliberately placed it at a distance to avoid accidental pressing while working or playing;
- has a standard square shape.
Pressing “Escape” cancels the last action or returns to the previous state. If this, of course, is provided by an open window.
Escape functions
- to cancel the last executed command (you can also use the combination CTRL+Z);
- if you need to urgently exit a program or application to the main screen or desktop (this is usually used in various computer games);
- for collapsing an open window;
- for an emergency exit when the computer freezes, when the mouse stops working (the tandem of ALT and F4 performs the same function);
- to move to a directory or list that is higher in the hierarchical list than the current one (alternative to ALT+TAB);
- in Microsoft OfficeExcel and Open OfficeCalc to cancel the last character typed;
- to cancel the last selection;
- in a hotkey combination.
ATTENTION. "Escape" can perform all of the listed functions or only some of them (depending on the running application or program).
Replacing a key
If necessary, the location of the “Escape” can be changed. This is especially true for laptops.
NOTE. If the Escape breaks, it will be very difficult to replace. In some cases this is completely impossible.
Replacement is carried out using software. Products can be:
- purchase at any specialized store (licensed);
- download on the site, but no one guarantees that it will work normally and will not be a pirated copy.
IMPORTANT. Replacement of functionality is carried out using a program where the user himself sets the necessary parameters. You can leave the button in its place and use another one, or rearrange it. Such manipulations are often used by programmers and users, for whom Escape sometimes has an inconvenient location.
Structure of speed controllers (ESC)
The structure of the speed controllers is not too complicated; they consist of:
- MOSFET;
- Gate drivers;
- Microcontroller;
- Voltage regulator.
Some ESCs also include LEDs and/or current sensors.
What is a MOSFET for a quadcopter speed controller?
MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) is an insulated gate field effect transistor. It works like a switch - the gate driver gives a signal - the MOSFET opens and supplies current to a certain area of the stator, thereby causing the magnets to rotate the motor bell due to the fact that the winding (stator) alternately changes the voltage in certain parts so that the magnets begin to attract at a certain point in time to a certain part of the stator - thus, the motor bell begins to rotate. All this happens many times in a split second.
What is a governor gate driver?
The gate driver controls a bunch of mosfets, which are described above. It determines when the field effect transistor should open and when it should close.
In speed controllers, the manufacturer can use special drivers that are effective in control when using the active engine braking function.
Ideally, each phase of the motor should use its own gate driver, so Fortio began producing FD6288 chips for BLHeli_32, which combine 3 independent gate drivers.
What is a microcontroller?
These are the brains of the speed controllers. It is this chip that is flashed and the BLHeli firmware is loaded into it.
What is the voltage regulator in the speed controller?
Here, too, everything is simple based on the name - this component regulates the voltage to power all ESC components.
Other components
The LEDs on the ESC are just for beauty and notifications, they don’t serve any other function and certainly don’t affect performance in any way.
Current sensor - used to display in the OSD the current current, which is supplied to the speed controllers.
What types of speed controllers are there?
As you may already know, speed controllers come in 4-in-1 and separate versions. 4 in 1s are becoming more and more popular as they are compact and can be stacked with a flight controller and these speed controllers are usually combined with a power distribution board (PCB), which again saves space and weight. They look like this:
Individual speed controllers are isolated boards with components with individual power supply and connections:
ESC structure
Now let's look at the structure of the ESC using the example of a 4-in-1 board and an individual speed controller.
And the original photo:
Now the speed controller is 4 in 1:
Types of keyboards - where is the key located?
- Devices with a QWERTY layout are standard. However, some developers are trying to make “Esp” more convenient to use using permutations. As a rule, this innovation suits only a certain category of users. Therefore, such keyboards are mainly made to order in limited quantities.
- To save space in laptops, the keys are placed close to each other, almost right next to each other. In this regard, “Escape” is pressed accidentally. This leads to undesirable and irreversible consequences.
- “Escape” is placed at a distance from the main keys.
- On components for gaming computers and laptops, this button is generally disabled or a jumper is installed to avoid unplanned pressing.
ESP system – stabilization of your car
As you understand, ESP is the most popular and well-known name among motorists for one of the most important safety systems in modern vehicles. Installing ESP leads to dynamic stabilization of the car at critical moments when the driver has either already lost control or is in a state of loss of control. Different manufacturers call such systems differently when installing them on their cars. Today we know about such abbreviations as VDC, DSC, ESC and others. In fact, they are all the same (not counting the different characteristics) and do the same thing - the electronics work in order to stabilize the car as much as possible in moments of danger and allow the driver to regain control of the wheels, traction and steering wheel.
