The meaning of the word Rain gauge according to the Brockhaus and Efron dictionary:
A rain gauge (ombro- or pluviometer) is a device used to measure the amount of water (in the form of rain, snow, etc.) falling from the atmosphere over a certain period of time. This is usually a cylindrical vessel A
made of zinc sheet (Fig. 1), in the upper part of which there is a copper ring
bb,
to give it strength.
Crap. 1. The internal diameter of the ring is usually such that the cross-sectional area = 500 sq. cm. At some distance above the bottom there is a funnel-shaped partition in which several holes are made. Between the bottom and the partition, closer to the latter, a tube d is attached,
closed with a cap
e.
D. is installed on a pillar
M
several fathoms from buildings and trees, moreover, so that its upper edge is at a height of at least two arches.
above the soil surface. It is attached from the north. side of the pillar, which to some extent protects D. from the sun, to reduce evaporation (its funnel also serves the same purpose). the upper end of the pillar is slightly beveled in the direction opposite to D., so that in winter snow cannot accumulate on it. To measure the water collected in D., it is poured into the measuring glass K
(Fig. 1 below).
The cross section of the glass is several times smaller than the cross section of D. The amount of water that occupies a height of 1 mm in D will have a much greater height in the glass. The numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. on the divisions of the glass correspond to the same number of mm in DD. They are used not only to measure the amount of rain, but also to measure snow, hail, cereals, for which, before measuring, it is held some time in a warm room until the ice melts, and then pour it into a glass for measurement. From this it is clear that the observer must have two D. Counting on D. is usually done once a day, between 7 and 8 o'clock. morning, therefore, the amount of water that fell during the day is measured. To reduce the influence of snow being blown out of the door by the wind, sometimes a cross-shaped zinc partition is inserted into it, and to protect it from snow drifting from the ground, it is surrounded by a funnel from the outside. in the latter case, D. is installed at the top of the pillar, as shown in Fig. 2. Damn. 2 D. self-recording
(ombro- or pluviograph) is arranged very differently.
The most common system is the tipping shuttle. The metal shuttle AA,
in rhombic shape, with a partition
b
in the middle, can rotate about the
o
.
It is placed in the room. Rain falls into a special cylindrical vessel, similar to an ordinary d., placed outside, and from there it is carried to the shuttle using a special tube d.
With the shuttle in the same position as in drawing 3, water pours into the left compartment of the shuttle, and when it is almost filled with water , the latter tips over to the left, causing water to pour out of it.
Crap. 3. Then under tube d
there will be the right compartment of the shuttle, and water flows into it.
With a certain amount of water in it, a new overturn occurs, this time to the right, etc. During all the time of rain, the shuttle overturns first to the right, then to the left, and it comes into contact either with a metal leg m,
or with the same leg
n
, which together with the shuttle axis
o
are introduced into a special galvanic circuit.
Closing the circuit produces magnetization of the electromagnet introduced into it and attraction of the armature. to this latter is attached a pin with a point located in front of a paper tape slowly moving with the help of a clock mechanism. The point makes dots on it. Knowing the amount of water that is necessary to capsize the shuttle, one can judge by the number of points made on the tape during a given time the amount of rain that fell at that time. In case of snow, the receiving cylinder must be heated from below with a special light bulb. P. Brounov.
DIY hygrometer
The next device in the children's weather station is a hygrometer - a device for measuring air humidity. To make a hygrometer you will need:
- a rectangular piece of wooden plank or foam;
- two push pins;
- scotch;
- human hair about 10 cm long;
- a piece of thin wire.
Attach two buttons to the board at a distance of approximately 8–10 cm. Attach a wire to the bottom one so that it can move, that is, not tightly. Attach the end of the hair to the top button, then pull it around the wire and secure it to the top button. The device is ready.
Teach children how human hair reacts to air humidity by becoming shorter or longer. At high humidity it will lengthen, thus moving the arrow down; at low humidity, on the contrary, the hair will become shorter and raise the wire arrow upward. This property of hair is used to make a hygrometer.
Methods for applying hydrophobic impregnation
Before using a water repellent, the surface should be thoroughly dried (rare compounds are applied to a damp surface) and cleaned. Mold, mildew, traces of grease, rust and efflorescence must be removed from the wall surface with special solutions and compounds.
Methods for applying hydrophobic impregnation
- Water-repellent impregnation can be applied using a roller or brush. Application with a brush is preferable since you can control the consumption of the product and work out the corners and texture of the material (especially when it comes to decorative facing stone). It is recommended to use brushes with medium-length artificial bristles. The brush will allow you to apply the impregnation in an even layer.
Hydrophobization of bricks - When processing large surfaces without a clearly expressed textured surface, it is permissible to use a spray gun and spray guns. You should be careful and ensure that the impregnation is applied evenly.
Payment and delivery of products
Payment for the purchased goods can be made in cash to the courier upon delivery, which is carried out immediately the next day or in the shortest possible time, depending on the location of the client. You can pay for purchased products with payment cards through a terminal or client-bank system, by simple transfer to our account. The company holds promotions, provides discounts, and operates discount and bonus programs.
Using a flexible system of discounts allows you to buy a new coating with a unique hydrophobic structure more profitable than offers on the modern market.
We will help you keep your car in its original form for many years and offer products from famous world brands. Contact us!
Hydrophobic impregnations
The range of impregnations used to protect wooden structures is quite wide. Modern manufacturers of building materials offer both highly targeted solutions and multifunctional ones.
The first (narrowly targeted) include impregnations, the main task of which is to reliably protect wood from exposure to excess moisture and preserve its integrity. Such impregnations can be used as an independent product, or can be added to special bioprimers before using paints and varnishes. Bioprimers are applied to previously prepared and dried wood and left until completely dry, and only after that can you begin painting or using varnish.
The group of multifunctional products includes impregnations and water-repellent solutions with various additional effects. The use of such tools significantly saves time and money.
- Hydrophobic impregnations with tinting properties. These products contain special color pigments. Their use allows you to quickly process wood and give it a more pleasant appearance, focusing attention on the design and hiding irregularities. In addition to acquiring moisture-resistant properties, the color of the wood becomes deeper and more saturated. Most often, such impregnations are used when treating interior spaces.
Hydrophobic impregnations with tinting properties
- Impregnations with enhanced protection. These impregnations contain special active substances that prevent the action and development of mold and fungi. This type of moisture-repellent impregnation is used when treating external facades of wooden structures, showers and steam rooms. Such products have a maximum level of moisture protection and a colorless texture.
Impregnations with enhanced protection
- Hydrophobic fire retardants. The specially developed composition of such complex products allows you to protect wood from moisture and resist high temperatures; in other words, it gives the wood fire-resistant properties. When treating interior spaces with an increased risk of fire, the likelihood of a fire becomes minimal. This is the most multifunctional impregnation, combining all possible properties, with the exception of tinting. It is recommended to renew the layer of such impregnation every 4-5 years. The product contains substances that are safe for humans and the environment.
Treated wood is more resistant to moisture, dirt and dust. This is especially important for rooms with high humidity – baths and saunas.
How much does it cost to have a professional body refinish for protection?
A good protective coating on a car will be quite expensive. The problem is that self-application does not always give high-quality results. You have to turn to specialists. You should not go to a regular car wash and expect that the wax polish will last a very long time and will please you with its quality. In fact, only good treatment with hydrophobic compounds in a paint booth can be of high quality. During professional processing there are several stages of working with a body:
- the coating is prepared according to your needs, this will help you complete your tasks;
- The car is thoroughly cleaned using chemicals and dust is removed from surfaces;
- hydrophobic material is applied with a quality guarantee, so you will be confident in the working coating;
- the visual results will be excellent, which cannot be said about trying to apply the product yourself;
- The car processing time will be minimal - you can apply protection in a few hours and pick up the car from the service.
Many service stations offer amazing features, but you need to look beyond the description. Often the technologies and materials used turn out to be not as reliable and durable as they try to present to you. It is important to learn more about the materials that professionals are going to use and the possibility of washing them off if necessary. It is also recommended to use classical and traditional technologies to avoid problems. New solutions are not always effective.
Liquid glass coating for a sparkling car shine
Every owner dreams of giving maximum shine to their car, the application of which allows them to emphasize the stylish and prestigious appearance of the new car. In this case, the best option may be technology using liquid glass, the application of which allows you to create an ultra-durable protective coating. Liquid glass can restore the flawless appearance of a car and give it a dazzling shine. The high-tech composition is capable of creating a water-repellent coating of increased strength compared to organic compounds and has a unique mechanism of action.
Liquid glass in its application and effect is fundamentally different from all other compositions, and penetrates into the pores of the car’s paintwork, thereby strengthening its molecular structure. After the pores are completely filled, the coating forms a thin protective film on the surface, which is hardly inferior in strength to real glass. The unique type of coating creates a reliable body shell and gives the car a dazzling glossy shine.
An important advantage is the durability of the coating, which after application for many years pleases with its impeccable appearance and protective qualities. The cost of liquid glass is an order of magnitude higher than hydrophobic coatings.
